103 
10. General distribution , especially elucidated by the biological 
investigations of the last decennaries. 
On the American side Sebastes marinas occurs, besides at the 
Southern part of W. Greenland (from ca. 71° N.), at Labrador, 
New Foundland, and the United States down to New jersey. On 
the Europe side it ranges northwards to West-Spitzbergen (Malm- 
gren, Knipowitsch, v. Hofsten) and the sea between Spitzberge^ 
and the Bear Island. Eastwards it begins at Nowaja Semlja (F. A. 
Smitt), is found in the White sea, is not rare at the coast of 
Murman (Knipowitsch), common at N. and W. Norway, and 
becomes rare further south at S. Norway, in Kattegat and the Sound, 
at Scotland and Ireland. Westwards it ranges across the Færoes 
and Iceland to S. E. Greenland. 1 ) It generally keeps to depths of 
ca. 60—150 fms., but can go further up (to ca. 30 fms.) as wel! 
as further down (to ca. 500 fms.). 
But besides this range — at the bottom — Sebastes ma- 
rinus has another distribution viz. in the upper water strata 
far from the coast, above the immense depths of the Norwegian 
Sea and the northern Atlantic, where both adult fishes and new- 
born young have been caught. As I suppose this interesting side 
of the biology of the redfish to be but very little known, I shall 
here give a short sketch of its history. 
The supposition that S\ marinus might have pelagic young was 
first set forth by R. Collett, as among the material collected by 
the Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition he found small young of 
the redfish (23 specimens, 9,5—19 mm long) which had been 
taken in the surface net “in the middle of the sea and at a distance 
from the nearest land of up to 400 kilometers”. “As they (the young) 
repeatedly had been met with under the same circumstances, and 
9 In literature Sebastes marinus will often be found to have been stated 
to occur at Jan Mayen, which must be due to a misunderstanding caused 
by Collett who has written (Vidensk. Selsk. Forhandl. Chria., 1879, 
No. 1, p, 8) that young of S. marinus have been met with “in the sea 
roundjan Mayen”; he alludes to the faet that the Norwegian North-Atlantic 
Expedition collected young at St. 183 and St. 248, but these stations are, 
as will be seen by the map in Collett’s treatise on the “Fishes” (1880) of 
this Expedition, in reality very far from Jan Mayen, in doser vicinity of 
the Norwegian coast than of Jan Mayen. 
