106 
each other in all stages of development. As the most important 
difference Swenander points out a character, overlooked by former 
authors, viz. the difference in scales: all scales in viviparus 
being considerably larger and also thicker than those of 5. marinns 
(compare Swenander 1. c. PI. I, fig. 1 a with fig. 2a). The surface 
of the latter, therefore, is much smoother than that of the first, 
which becomes most easily perceptible on the ventral side where 
the scales of marinns are often, at least in younger individuals, 
only with difficulty distinguished. The number of scales in a trans¬ 
verse row forwards from the hind edge of the anal fin to the lateral 
line (the scales of the lateral line not counted) in S. viviparns varies 
from 11 to 13, in 5. marinns from 16 to 21 (in some Greenlandic 
specimens I have counted 16—18). The foremost preopercular spine 
of the lower edge moreover, as a rule, yields a good character, as 
it is somewhat backwards directed in S*, viviparus , downwards in 
5. marinns. Swenander, in the next place, emphasizes the different 
number of rays of the pectorals, not more than 18 in S. viviparns, 
not less than 19 in 5. marinns (in Greenland specimens I have 
found 19—20).*) On the other hånd, according to Swenander, the 
number of rays of the unpaired fins does not yield any hold for 
a separation of the species as Liitken and Lilljeborg were 
thinking who found in the anal fin of S. viviparns 6—7 soft rays, 
in 5. marinns 8—9. In the first named Swenander found 6—8, 
in the last named 7 — 9 (in 15 Greenland specimens I found 8 — 9 
soft rays in the anal fin, but in 1 specimen, from Egedesminde, 
only 7). 
12. Yonng stages. 
In the above it has been repeatedly mentioned that small young 
of Sebastes marinus (ca. 7—9 mm long) were taken in 1908 by the 
Tjalfe-Expedition in the northern Atlantic S. of Denmark Strait, in 
the surface, but above very great depths (800—1600 fathoms). As 
there does not exist any description of such small young of the red- 
fish in the literature it would be reasonable to describe them 
here, the more so, as it is my duty to prove that my determination 
is correct. 
0 Liitken, however, (1. c. p. 362) States having found 17—18, rarely 19 
rays of the pectorals in 5. viviparus , 18-20 in S. marinus. 
