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lateral buds. The septa of these buds are gradually passing into 
the costae of the mother-corallum. Usually the young stages have 
a somewhat irregular shape, the larger ones are more regularly 
built and possess radially arranged septa. 
In a large number of specimens belonging to this species the 
peculiar formation of daughter-individuals has taken place, which 
Studer (1880) first described in Herpolitha Umax. These daughter- 
individuals were called by Studer „scheinbare Knospen“. The 
development of these false buds is caused by irregular growth of 
the margin of the colony, by which process sometimes a part of 
the upper surface with its septa is bent towards the lower surface 
of the corallum. In this way a kind of fold is formed and in fur- 
ther growth the parts of the theca nearest to the folded portion 
may fuse and extend further outwards. Then a portion of some of 
the septa is divided from the remainder and is wholly surrounded 
by the lower surface of the corallum. The septa of this false bud 
'become more or less radially arranged round a mouth which 
develops in its centre and then the young individual may obtain 
quite the same appearance as true lateral buds, i. e. buds which 
have developed on the lower surface and whose septa have grown 
out from flattened costal spines. Studer mentions the faet that 
similar false buds sometimes oceur in Fungia, in former papers 
(1922, 1923 b) I too have described some specimens of Fungia 
fungites, which showed the different stages of the formation of these 
false buds. 
As in Fungia we may name in Halomitra the upper surface the calical 
surface of the corallum, whilst the lower surface represents the lateral 
surface. This is at first sight visible in the very young stages of 
Halomitra which possess as yet no secondary calicles. The upper 
surface from the centre till the margin is the calical part of the 
corallum, the secondary calicles develop between the centre and 
the margin and are therefore situated at the calical surface. The 
usual asexual reproduction of Halomitra, by which process the 
normal colonies are formed is therefore a kind of calical budding. 
True lateral budding oceurs in Halomitra only very exceptionally, 
the false buds described above have in reality arisen by a process 
of calical fission, for they are derived from parts of the upper 
surface. The only cause of the formation of these false buds is the 
