249 
irregular growth of the theca in some parts of the margin; the 
septa always remain on the upper surface of the theca, but when 
the wall is curved towards the lower surface they only seem to 
have grown out from the lower surface. In Korschelt and 
Heider’s textbook (1910) also mention is made of these false 
buds. Here Studer’s figure (Fig. 358, p. 512), representing the 
lower surface of a Herpolitha Umax (not the upper surface as is 
stated in the explication of the figure) is reproduced. The description 
of this process of asexual reproduction in Korschelt and Heider 
is not altogether correct for we find here the following remark: »Etwas 
schwer verstandlich will es bei diesem Vorgang erscheinen, dass die 
Aussenwand bei einer solehen Entstehung des neuen Individuums 
nach dessen Inneren zu liegen kommt, die Septen aber nach aussen 
gerichtet sind, wie dies so dargestellt wird** (p. 512). In the devel- 
opment of the false buds, however, the septa remain always on 
the same surface of the theca (the calical or upper surface). 
Three dilferent stages of the formation of these false buds are 
represented in figs. 130—133. The first traces of the folding of the 
margin of the colony is seen in figs. 130 and 131. It is easily to 
be seen that the septa of the future false bud are in connection 
with those of the mother-colony. Fig. 132 represents a further stage. 
The septa of the false bud are separated from those of the 
mother-colony, but a groove indicates the place of the folding. In 
fig. 133 a large false bud is visible at some distance from the 
margin which still shows clearly the place of the folding. In these 
specimens there is no doubt as to the origin of the septa of the 
false buds from parts of the upper surface. 
In two specimens which were found lying upside down on the 
bottom the marginal parts have grown further inwards and espe- 
cially in one of these (fig. 120) only a small opening is left at 
the marginal part of the colony. The living tissues were present 
in the normal condition on both surfaces of the colonies. 
Geographical Distribution. 
Gardiner (1909) has recorded the data available till that year 
concerning the geographical distribution of the species of the genus 
Fungia. I have only little to add to tnis author's statements, chiefly 
