404 
New Zealand species. The Echinoderm fauna of the Chatham Islands 
thus appears to be identical with that of NewZealand, 
though perhaps not fully so rich. But a more careful investigation 
of the marine fauna of the Chatham islands would be very desirable. 
The littoral fauna of the Kermadec Islands is fairly well 
known through the collections made by Mr. W. R. B. Oliver, treated 
by Ben ham.It appears very clearly from these reports that 
the Echinoderm fauna of this small group of islands is very different 
from that of New Zealand, its character being much more tropical. 
It seems evident that this climatic difference is too great for most 
species to stand it. The following 7 species are common to the 
Kermadecs and New Zealand: 
Heliocidaris tuberculata 
Echinocyamus polyporus 
Ophiothrix Oliveri 
Amphipholis squamata 
Ophionereis fasciata^) 
Astropecten polyacanthus 
Ophidiaster kermadecensis 
Three of these, Echinocyamus polyporus, Ophiothrix oliveri and 
Ophidiaster kermadecensis, are not known to occur outside the New 
Zealand region and therefore indicate that the Kermadecs 
belong really to the NewZealand region and that the 
different character of their Echinoderm fauna is due 
mainly to their different climatic conditions. 
Geographically also Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island 
may be reckoned to the New Zealand region, but, still more than 
with the Kermadecs, their climatic conditions forbid any 
nearer relation between their littoral faunas of Echi¬ 
noderm s. While Norfolk Island is almost totally unknown as 
regards its Echinoderm fauna, that of Lord Howe Island is fairly 
well known. A list of its Echinoderms is given by H. L. Clark.^) 
It has two species in common with New Zealand, viz. Coscinasterias 
W. B. Ben ham. Stellerids and Echinids from the Kermadec Islands; 
Report on Sundry Invertebrates from the Kermadec Islands. (Trans. N. Z. 
Inst. XLIIl-XLIV. 1910-11). 
2) Recorded as Ophionereis Schayeri, but may well be O. fasciata. Reex- 
amination necessary. 
’) H. L. Clark. Echinodermata. Trawling Expedition of the “Thetis”. Mern. 
Austral Mus. IV. 1909. p. 520. 
