405 
calamaria and Heliocidaris tuberculatus, both widely distributed spe¬ 
cies which are of very little zoogeographical importance. 
Turning now to the relation between the Echinoderm fauna of 
the New Zealand region as a whole with that of other regions, 
Australia, as might be expected, stands foremost, 19 species — 
Qj. 10 0 /^ — of the 119 species known from New Zea¬ 
land being common to New Zealand and Australia. 
These species are the following: 
Amphiocnida pilosa 
Amphipholis squamata 
Astropecten polyacanthus 
Psilaster acuminatus 
Allostichaster polyplax 
Coscinasterias calamaria 
Stichopus mollis 
Phyllophorus dearmatus 
Chiridota gigas 
Aræosoma thetidis 
Holopneustes inflatus 
Heliocidaris tubercu'ata 
Clypeaster virescens 
Laganum depressum 
Echinocardium australe 
Ophiocreas constrictum 
Ophiothrix aristulata 
Ophiactis resiliens 
— hirta 
Leaving out of consideration such widespread forms as Clypeaster 
virescens, Laganum depressum, Ophiothrix aristulata, Amphipholis 
squamata, Astropecten polyacanthus and Coscinasterias calamaria, we 
still have a fair number of species left which bear testimony of a 
fairly close relation between the Australian and New Zealand Echi¬ 
noderm faunas. They may be divided in two groups, deep-water and 
shallow-water species. To the former belong Arceosoma thetidis, 
Ophiocreas constrictum, Ophiactis hirta and Psilaster acuminatus’, 
even though they are as yet known only from relatively small 
depths, it is very probable that they will prove to occur also in 
greater depths and to belong to the fauna of the deep-sea between 
New Zealand and Australia, and their occurrence in both areas, 
therefore, does not offer any zoogeographical difficulty. Very prob- 
ably also several more of the species recorded from the deeper 
water off the North end of New Zealand likewise will prove to 
belong to a common Australian—New Zealand deep-sea fauna. 
Regarding the littoral species most of them have pelagic larvæ, 
and their occurrence in both regions can, therefore, easily be ex- 
plained through the transport of the larvæ across the not so very 
broad deep'Sea area that now separates the two areas, a distance 
