174 
LEACH, Naming Australian Birds [ Th j a ^ mu 
had been used (p. 316) for the Rainbow Lorikeet. Hence 
P. novce-hollandice for the Cockatiel was a “preoccupied name.” 
Similarly, Kerr showed Latham’s Psittacus formosus (Ground 
Parrot) had been used by Scopoli. The one binomial name can 
be used for only one bird. 
Casuarius australis, used for the Emu, is not available for the 
Cassowary. Unfortunately, a faulty statement in the Code sug¬ 
gests a loophole that some wish to explore. Let us press for 
one name for each kind of bird and one bird for each name — 
the commonsense view of the whole purpose of nomenclature! 
Twenty-eight “preoccupied names” have been replaced by 
names proposed subsequently. 
EARLY PUBLICATIONS CONNECTED WITH 
AUSTRALIA. 
Dr. Shaw (British Museum) named birds mentioned in publi¬ 
cations connected with the new colony. White, Phillip, and 
Hunter, in early accounts of the new land, mentioned several new 
birds. Shaw gave 21 valid specific names, including those for 
the Rosella, Budgerygah, and Pied Currawong (Bell Magpie). 
LATHAM AND THE. WATLING DRAWINGS. 
Latham is, next to Gould, the most prolific namer of Austra¬ 
lian birds. In the General Synopsis, he used no scientific names 
except Motacilla cyanea, copied from Ellis for the Blue Wren. 
In the first Supplement he used Podiceps (Grebes) ; in the Index 
Ornithologicus (1790), 15 valid specific and one generic name 
( Scythrops, for the Channelbill Cuckoo) ; and in 1798, he named 
Magpie-Goose, and the common Emu-Wren specifically. In 
1801 in the second Supplement to the Synopsis and its Latin 
equivalent—the Supplement of the Index Ornithologicus — 
Latham named 171 species from Australia, but did not disclose 
the material on which these names were based. In 1843, Strick¬ 
land, Gould, and Gray recognised the basis in a set of 295 paint¬ 
ings—a series of importance to Australians. Separate drawings 
occasionally showed male, female, and, rarely, a young bird. 
Latham sometimes described each as a distinct species. For the 
Noisy Miner, Mathews lists four, and for the Southern Stone 
Curlew, three Latham names. 
Sixty-four of these names are now used. Possibly this work 
was unknown to Gould when he prepared his Birds of Australia. 
He used many Latham names in the Handbook (1865), though 
not always the earliest. The Wonga Pigeon, Southern Stone 
Curlew, Pied Peewee, and Eastern Whip-Bird, are birds with 
names changed to Latham’s first name. One figure of the Peewee 
Latham classed as a Crow ( Corvus ), another as a Grackle 
(Gracula) ; one figure of the Noisy Miner, a Grackle; and an¬ 
other, a Bee-eater (Mcrops) . Doubtless, lack of detail in the 
