562 
THE GARDENERS’ MAGAZINE. 
July 26, 191.3 
JAPANESE HARDY ORCHIDS.-I. I 
Japan is rich in hardy orchids ^ more so 
than the generality of hardy plant lovers 
are aware. Many a mountain path and 
wooded height, and many a lowland valley 
are rich with hardy orchids, and some of 
them are very deserving of recognition at 
the hands of English growers. It is strange 
to note that, though the orchids of Japan 
aj’e different from the majority of the 
British forms, yet in a few cases one may 
meet with species which are oommon to 
both countries. As an instance of this I 
need only quote Hei’minium monarchis, 
Goodyera repens, and Malaxis paludosa, to 
illustrate my remarks. These are typical 
‘‘natives” of the island kingdoms of the 
East and West. 
Of the three forms quoted, Herminium 
monarchis is the “ Musk Herminium,” 
which, w’ith its small yellowish-green 
flowers, and honeyed musk perfume, is 
sparsely distributed through our own 
southern and eastern counties. Goodyera 
repens haunts the pine woods of the high¬ 
lands, and has been found as far south as 
the northern counties of England. It is 
indeed a charming plant, and its spikes of 
small, creamy-white flowers are delightful. 
Malaxis paludosa, a true bog orchid, linger¬ 
ing still among the mountain lakes and bog 
swamps, finding a home amid the sphag¬ 
num, is native both of Wales and Southern 
England. Its rather insignificant appear¬ 
ance, and greenish-yellow flowers, have 
doubtless helped to preserve it largely from 
w^anton hands. In Japan it is found in the 
sphagnum swamps on the high mountains 
around Nikko, but it is somewhat rare. 
Calypso bulbosa, var. japoniea, is an inter¬ 
esting and showy native of the wooded hills 
of Central and Northern Japan. It is re- 
marWble for its deep green corded leaves 
and its attractive pinkish-winged blossoms. 
Of cypripediums w^e may briefly note C. 
Yatameanum, from the tree region of 
Moaint Togak'ushi, and Hokkaido. It is of 
creeping habit, produces its leaves in pairs, 
and the yellowish-green blossoms are heavily 
marked and spotted with browm. C. De¬ 
bile, a charming species, wdth golden, half, 
drooping blossoms, is deserving of culture, 
and hails from the w^oods around Nikko. C. 
macranthum, of which the best forms grow 
on the grassy slopes of Fuji-Yama, is an 
ideal subject, and the huge rosy blossoms 
are one of the delights of the orchid world. 
C. japonicum is also very fine, giving large 
attractive blossoms of decided merit, and 
showing the white, pink, and purplish 
colourings in a delightful manner. 
Listeras in varied forms are found in the 
tree beilt upon the mountains, and are 
not without interest. True, they are 
among the least attractive of orchids, and 
yet they have a simple charm which is of 
certain interest. L. Yatabei is a native of 
Mid-Japan, being most plentiful around 
Ontake and Nikko. The growths are very 
slender, carrying twin leaves and greenish, 
loosely-arranged blossoms. L. cordata and 
L. Savatieri are found both in Central and 
South Japan; the former carries green, 
white-tipped flowers set closely upon the 
spikes, the latter with its leaves low down 
on the stem (often lined with silver), and its 
sparsely-set blossoms of greenish hue. Both 
blossom in July and August. In L. nip- 
ponica we meet with a delightful little gem. 
The blossoms show a rare combination ot 
bronzy-yellow, green, and pink, coming to 
beauty during August. It is chiefly found 
in Central Japan, especially around Yatsu- 
gatake and J^ikko. 
The gymnadenias show’ more diversity, 
and are well worthy of attention. These 
orchids are not very difficult, and, coming 
from the tree regions, are best accommo¬ 
dated in a well-drained, leafy soil and a 
shady position. G. Chidori is glorious, 
carrying a lovely crimson colouring, which 
pales to pink and white. It is single¬ 
leaved, ami possesses the fleshy roots charac¬ 
teristic of the genus. The flowering season 
is June. It is a rarity of its class, and its 
principal habitat is at Tosa and Idzu. G. 
conopsea is very deserving of note, and, 
unlike its confreres, it is found largely in 
the boggy mountain sw amps of Central and 
Northern Japan. The roots are palmate 
and tuberous, and the blossoms are pro¬ 
duced upon tall, leafy stems (very grass¬ 
like in form), and are of a delightfid shade 
of pink, with often twenty or more iqion a 
stem. G. cuculata, a native of Central 
and Southern Japan, including Mount 
Fuji, is less attractive. The flowers are 
small and mauve-purple in c*olour. Twin 
leaves are formed at the base of the stem, 
and leafy bracts upon it. Flowers chiefly 
in August. G. cyclochila, a gem from the 
districts around Fuji and Nikko, flowers 
in July. The blossoms are pink, with a 
large lip, red-spotted, and are often pro¬ 
duced in pairs. A single leaf is carried at 
the base of the stem, and tw'o smaller ones 
beneath the blossom; these are rounded, 
the plant in blossom being very pretty. G. 
gracilis, mainly confined to southern dis¬ 
tricts, carries a single leaf and a spike of 
small purplish blossoms. G. Keiskei is 
decidedly worth attention. Coming from 
Central Japan, it exhibits its charms in 
tw^o distinct forms. The type is a charm.- 
ing pink, and alba, the white form, is 
undoubtedly a natural variety, and is much 
rarer. They produce the typical single 
leaf and flowei' in June, both forms being 
of decided merit. G. riipestris, the “ rock- 
loving gymnadenia,” is found upon shaded 
rocks in Central and Northern districts. The 
flowers are of good size, lilac-pink in hue, 
lightly spotted wdth brown. The leaves 
are grassy in appearance and stem-clasp¬ 
ing, and the plant is in beauty during July. 
Very quaint are the platantheras, which 
inhalbit the grassy, higher levels of the 
mountains. These necessarily require a 
drier and more open situation, and just a 
surface covering of minor plants. Thej 
are, however, not a really attractive group, 
their interest being greater than their 
beauty. P. decipiens is the best, and, un¬ 
like the majority of platantheras, it haunts 
the tree belts. It grows a foot or more in 
height, producing leafy flow’er-spikes w’hich 
are rather thickly crowded with rosy-mauve 
and white blossoms. The flow’ering-time is 
May and June. Another woodland form is 
P. Tinumea, which has tall spikes of green 
and yellow blossoms. It flowers in July, 
and the large-ribbed leaves are of aspi¬ 
distra-like formation. Thix'e typical grass¬ 
land forms are P. minor, P. Matsudai, and 
P. Takedai. P. S. Hayavard. 
(To be continued.) 
BUDDLEIA GLOBOSA. 
In the southern counties this very 
tinot flowering shrub grows freely en.v,: • 
in warm, open positions. In the north." 
midlands and in the northern countits J.. 
ter is desirable, and it is, in many instaru.s 
planted near walls, rndoiibtedly a w;»r 
spot is conducive to the proper* ripen 
of the w’ood and the free flowering oi 
plant the foUoAving year, but many 
mens lose great numbers of basal Ikav. 
when they are planted in a light, w. 
drained soil and a hot season comes. 
I know of several beautiful specim. 
Avhich have, during the past few vtxuv 
degenerated very much owing to owr 
dryness at the roots and lack of attent; > 
in hot weather. The cultivator should iiw 
w-ait for a dry spell to come, but at or', 
see that the soil is sufficiently moist, an., 
top-dress with good loam, as well as le'; 
wdth liquid manure. Much may - 
dbne in a cool and moderately nn;. 
period to improve their condition. 
Geo. Garnf.e 
DISEASES OF RASPBERRY 
AND LOGANBERRY. 
During recent years the canes of rasper 
ries and loganberries have been olieenred * 
suffer to a considerable extent from tlhuffp'; 
produced by mieroscopic, parasitic hr: 
which are stated to be yearly extending 
range of activity. The fungi impiu-i • 
have been known for more than half a «»• 
tury as parasites on wild roses, bramble-. ' 
o-her rosaceous plant.s, and their rapid 
tension during recent years does not n ! 
any increased power of parasitism, yu 
simply due to the increased number of ^' 
able host-plants grown in juxtapositioD. 
Hendersonia rubi, Westendorp. is 
sible for most of the injury claused to rx* 
berries and loganberries. The canes * 
are the parts attacked, infection taking 
during the summer, when the „ 
is tender. The first indication of the K 
sence of the parasites vanes , 
with the particular variety attacked, ; 
a rule lurid red or purplish patrlie^ ot ^ 
able size appear on the sleni. ^uch ^ 
continue for some time to increase i -■ 
and during the winter change to a pa ? ^ 
or dingy white colour, due to ^ ,,f 
ing been killed. At this stag« the ^ 
the fungus, in the form of 
is thickly scattered over the 
patches of bark. Microscopic exami _ 
shows that the minute black “ ^ 
tain myriads of coloured, 
spores. When mature these . 
into the air, and those that hap^ ,v. 
on young shoots germinate and . 
tissues, thus ensuring the Vher 
disease in the following .A 
ral diseased patches are present 
killed outright during the y 
when only one or tw’O diseased ar ‘ 
eent, the cane may ' 
certain amount of fruit. As 
the fungus, however, will be pr , 
cases, it is sound policy, even ; 
of a certain amount of aftacH ‘ 
burn all canes, however f 
it is only by such means that th ^ 
be eradicated. Iiifection mostlv ta , 
at the period . of the year 
present, hence spraying ?■*' 
to unless the fruit is i- 
deaux mixture should be 
circufttances every diseased ; 
cut down the moment it is g’. ’ 
practice, oommon in many P • ’ gta^^T* 
ing the dead canes to rem 
throughout the winter, J*® nallor. 
A sicond fungus, Ascochyta^ 
sometimes occurs as a It ('5^ 
of raspberries, roses, 
whitish dead patches, be . 
dot-like fruit. Treatment fhoul , p 
to that suggested against He 
—Board of A^*iculitire Lenjlet. 
