792 
THE GARDENERS’ MAGAZINE. 
October is, igjj 
of rotted manure slightly forked in will be 
necessary to keep it in condition. 
With the aid of the society’s electric lan¬ 
tern Mr. Scaplehom showed views illustrat¬ 
ing well-made borders, etc. As each picture 
was shown the lecturer advised the best 
methods of propagation, and the most suit¬ 
able soils for the plants. To support some of 
the taller-growing kinds . he recommended 
using stakes and the bushy pea boughs. 
Exhibits brought by the members included 
dishes of apples stag^ by Messrs. E. Mann, 
O. Jeal, and A. J. Holcombe. Mr. Mann also 
contributed a few vegetables; and Mr. G. 
Scrivens had a vase each of Salvia Zurich, 
Michaelmas daisies, and pompon chrysan¬ 
themums. Mr. F. W. Moore brought an in¬ 
teresting exhibit of the Cape gooseberries. 
Bristol Gardeners’ 
Association. 
The opening meeting of the winter se-- 
sion of this association was held at St. 
John’s Parish Eooms on Thursday, October 9, 
Dr. Shingleton Smith presiding. Mr. E. T. 
Parker read a most interesting paj^r on ‘T^e 
Dutch Bulb Farms, and Gardening Opera¬ 
tions in Holland,” which was much enjoyed by 
a large audience. Mr. Parker gave a detailed 
description of the methods of propagation, 
planting, and storing of the various kinds 
of bulbs, and referred to the work of a 
Dutch bulb farmer. A good discussion fol¬ 
lowed, at the close of wMch votes of thanks 
were accorded to Mr. Parker, and Dr. Shin- 
gleton Smith. The prizes for the evening, 
kindly given by Mr. Garnish, for an effec¬ 
tive vase of chrysanthemums, own foliage, 
were won by Mr. Bird and Mr. Baston in the 
order of their names. 
WiiYiborne Gardeners’ 
Association. 
On Monday, October 6, Mr. Geo. Garner, 
of Bournemouth, gave a lecture on ‘" Some 
Salient Points in the Forcing of Bulbs and 
Plants ” befoa^ a good attendance of the 
members of the above association. Mr. J. 
Stevenson, of Wimborne, occupied the chair. 
The lecturer, having referred to the fact 
that in these times flowers for dwelling-house 
decoration, as well as for furnishing green¬ 
houses and conservatories, were in more de¬ 
mand than was the case a generation ago, 
dealt with some of the main points essential 
to successful cultivation. 
He recommended clean sand for burying 
bulbs in pots and boxes, and warned any in¬ 
experience growers against using coal ashes 
fresh from the furnaces; ashes that had been 
exposed for six months to the weather might 
be used. He also recommended watering, 
and especially the feeding, of bulbs in pots 
from saucers, allowing the liquid to remain 
in the latter for twelve hours and then 
emptying away any surplus. This form of 
feeding might be done three times each week 
after the flower stems were well advanced. 
He said it was fatal to the general welfare 
of tulips to allow the soil to get very dry 
after growth had commenced. 
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attention. 
a number of questions. The members, led 
by Mr. Steven^n, took part in a very good 
discussion. Some excellent vegetables, in col¬ 
lections, were staged. 
AURICULAS. 
As a keen auricula grower, I was very 
pleased to see an article on these plants in 
your issue of the 4th inst. Before reading 
it I glanced at the subscriber’s name, and 
hoped for something really good from such 
a well-known expert as Mr. Bentley. As I 
thoroughly appreciate this gentleman’s suc¬ 
cess as a grower and exhibitor, I am sure 
^ will take in good part my gentle “dres|^s- 
iiig down ” for not being right up to date in 
important matters touching the cult. 
He, naturally enough, regrets the lack of 
such men as Simonite, Douglas, and Horner 
who have passed from their activities, and 
sighs at the apparent impossibility of making 
further progress without the help of such 
giants. Does Mr. Bentley know a green edge 
of the name of Wm. Smith? If not, I would 
like to whisper in his ear that it is the 
finest that has yet seen light, and it well 
earned a premier award last spring at Vin¬ 
cent Square. This was raised, not by any of 
the wonderful growers of 20 or 30 years ago, 
but by the son of the late Mr. James Douglas 
at Bookham. Wm. Smith was, by common 
consent, and in comparison with Mrs. Hen- 
wood, Shirley Hibberd, and Orient (a^ut 
80 specimens of which were staged alongside), 
judged to be the finest gp-een-Siged auricula 
of the present day. Another tnumph scor^ 
by young Mr. Douglas last April was premier 
of the whole show with Victor, a dark self 
of perfect proportions, which must be recog¬ 
nised by Mr. Bentley as a distinct advance. 
The story is the same as regards the white- 
edged section; Guy Cranfield, Eucharis, and 
Loveliness, when better known, will make 
Heatherbell, Frank, and even Acme look out 
of date. I don’t like saying so of the last- 
named, but there is no use ignoring the fact 
that Acme is not so good as it us^ to be. 
There is also a new grey-edge raised by a 
collier in Northumberland, said to be as good 
as Geo. Lightbody, but it is growin,g very, 
very slowly, and will not increase as its raiser 
hoped it would. 
Some of the varieties mentioned by Mr. 
Bentley are out of date. Who would ever put 
on the show bench such auriculas as Eobert 
Trail, Beauty, and Euby? Even Olympus, 
Mrs. Potts, and Conservative have to be in 
exceptional fettle to justify their inclusion. 
Silverwood, Belmont. J. L. Gibson. 
Plums. —Any trees that have made too 
much unfruitful wood should be lifted and 
root-pruned some time after this date. See 
that the roots are thoroughly moistened be¬ 
fore starting to dig around them. Take out 
a trench quite two feet wide at a distance 
of four feet away from the stem; get well 
down, and work the soil carefully from 
amongst the roots, avoiding damagfe as far 
as possible; when within two feet of the 
stems, undermine and sever every root that 
is travelling downwards, for if one or two of 
these are missed the whole of the work may 
prove useless. Trim the tips of all damaged 
roots, and relay at various depths. Work 
plenty of fine soil among the young fibrous 
roots, and if the soil is moderately dry give 
a good wiatring, and mulch afterwards 
with long strawy manure. Should the 
weather prove dry and warm,, a few syring- 
ings overhead will help to keep the leaves and 
wood plump. Keep a good stock of useful 
trees trained in readiness to take the place 
of those which gfive out, as valuable wall 
space can be then quickly fill^, and much 
time is' saved. Good useful varieties are Coe’s 
Golden Drop, Comte d’Althan’s Gage, Green 
Gage, Early Transparent, Jefferson, Kirk’s, 
Guilin’s Gage, Washington, Czar, Monarch, 
Vadtoraa, Sultan, Gisborne’s, Pond’s Seedling, 
Cox’s Emperor, and Prince of Wales.—H. 
Markham. 
THE WINTER AND CODLING 
MOTHS. 
The following w the test of th» 
giv^ by E. A. Harper Gray, E* , V i 
-A.Sc.. Adviser in Agricultural Zoology, 
strong College, Newcastle-upon-Tyne' it t» 
Kendal Fruit Congress; * ' 
My reason for choosing these pests is pmn 
because they are so common in our orcJai*. 
and therefore likely to interest a Qatmm 
audience, and partly because there are ^ 
in the life-history of each which go to jjol 
very clearly the importance to the hortkil 
turiist of a knowledge of economic eDtomokifT 
in devising means of preventing or of anw 
mising the injuries associated with the pn^ 
sence of .such pests. 
I.—The Winter Moth (Cheima 
tobia brumata. 
The moth ccmmonly called the IViaWr 
Moth or Evesham Moth, is small in siie, 
only in the males do we find fully-derelopd 
wings. The front wings are greyish-bwn 
to brown in colour, with transverse lUrkr 
wavy lines, while the hind wings are nk 
formly paler. These males may be seen Bjaf 
rather lazily in orchards and gardens dtriif 
the latter months of the year, and, in fare®- 
able weather, in January and even in Ffi 
ruary in some parts of the country. TW 
females, on the other hand, are quite nnlifcr 
the males, inasmuch os they poasew otly 
vestiges of wings—^indeed, so abortive aie 
they that they are useless for the purpow 
of flight. . 
Both these—male and female—have 
from the chrysalids, or pupae, wl^ haw 
beeaii lying in the ground some little 
below the surface. The female moth^ 
emerging from the ground, proceed to 
their way up the stems of the trees, aad 
is on the way up that they appear to beltf* 
tilieed by the males. At any rate, on 
ing the smaller branches oi the ^ 
begin laying their eggs. These *’"*•** ^ 
have a light greenish-yellow rclour, 
after a short time, becomes 
have a thick sculptured shell. Th^ 
in tiny groups, round the base of the 
on prun^ surfaces, and in the 
on the branches and twigs. 
come the caterpillars that are so d ^ 
The time elapsing between the lar^^^ 
eggs and the appearance of the^ c ^ 
or “ loopers,” varies in 
different ,^aces. most 
matic conditions, but the ^ 
out some little time 
and the cateirpillars begin at once taeir 
of destruction. j iqio I 
During the years 1911 
special study of the habits of 
ofthe Wint4 Moth in the North. 
a close watch on them, not on thi# 
tory, but also in the open. . ^ 
fore, that some of the tothel* 
observations should be of in ,er»* • 
gress, not only because th^ 
Sow the habits of fto’o«r 
because they refer particularly 
thern Counties. , ^vinter IJ 
In 1912, in which y«?^ ytj,ey 
larv® were very ^ ^ 
reported to me of 
22, and they were then M 
in length.’ A week 
much damage ^ On 
gooseberries in trees 
I found the leaves on many ^ jjj 
stroyed. There e»ten 
leavL, and they 
edges. Many leaves jnid-nb 
stroyed. practicaUy o 
ing, while some of in»* 
by° fine silk ^' 
caterpillars ghowed si^ 
oth^ T^ .S^werffaUi"«?^h<^ 
tack, and the "®i3) sonio^^,i*rd 
Two days later the 
took up a positaon 
one leaf ^^^y the s**® 
living well sheltered by 
