6o 
ESTAiiNSTER NuRSERiEs, WestiTimster^ Maryland 
Orchard and Small Fruit Planting Suggestions 
Apple orchards are usually planned in such a manner that 
the “permanent” trees are set at the proper distances re¬ 
quired when they are fully grown and developed; “filler” 
trees are set between the permanents and can be removed 
as the permanent trees develop. Usually the filler trees are 
chosen for their compact growth and early fruiting habit, thus 
giving the orchardist an early income; the permanent varie¬ 
ties are usually chosen because of their larger, more spread¬ 
ing and later fruiting habits. All varieties of Peach trees 
make excellent fillers. 
The following diagrams are ideal orchard plans: 
Suggested Permanent Varieties 
Duchess of Oldenburg 
Maiden Blush 
Mammoth Black Twig 
Rambo 
Smokehouse 
Spi tzenberg 
Stark 
Tolman Sweet 
Winter Paradise 
York Imperial 
SQUARE PLAN for Setting Orchard. 
Open circle represents permanents, 40 feet apart; and dots 
fillers, 20 feet apart. The latter to be removed in twenty years. 
These are distances adopted by most planters. 
TRIANGULAR PLAN for Setting Orchard. 
A permanent set, 40 feet apart; C and B fillers, 20 feet 
apart. C fillers to be removed in fifteen years; B fillers to 
be removed in twenty-five years. These are distances adopted 
by most planters. 
Suitable Distances for Planting 
Varieties Feet 
Apples . 30 to 40 
Apricots . 16 to 18 
Asparagus, in beds . 1 by V/n 
Asparagus, in fields. 1 by 4 
Blackberries . 3 to 5 
Cherries, sour . 15 to 18 
Cherries, sweet . 18 to 20 
Currants . 3 to 4 
Dewberries . 3 to 5 
Gooseberries . 3 to 4 
Grapes . 6 to 10 
Horseradish . 1 by 3 
Mulberries . 10 to 12 
Nut Trees: 
Butternut . 40 to 60 
Filbert . 15 to 20 
Pecan . 40 to 60 
Walnut . 40 to 60 
Peaches . 16 to 18 
Pears . 18 to 20 
Plums . 16 to 20 
Quince . 10 to 12 
Raspberries . 3 to 5 
Rhubarb . 2 by 4 
Strawberries (See) . \i/^ by 1J4 
Suggested Filler Varieties 
Delicious Wealthy 
Grimes Golden Winter Banana 
.lonathan Yellow Transparent 
Stayman’s Winesap 
All varieties of Peach trees. 
Approximate Time Required for 
Young Fruit Trees to Bear Fruit 
After Planting 
Varieties Years 
Apples: 
Delicious . 4 
Duchess of Oldenburg. 3 
Grimes Golden . 3 
Hyslop Crab Apple. 3 
Jonathan . 4 
Maiden Blush . 3 
Mammoth Black Twig . 5 
Rambo . 4 
Smokehouse .| 4 
Spitzenberg . 7 
Stark . 4 
Stayman’s Winesap . 5 
Tolman Sweet . 7 
Wealthy . 3 
Winter Banana . 4 
Winter Paradise . 7 
Yellow Transparent . 3 
York Imperial . 4 
Cherries: 
Sour Varieties . 2 
Sweet Varieties . 7 
Mulberries . 3 
Peaches . ” 2 
Pears (some varieties earlier). e, 
Plums . 2 
Quince . p 
Number of Trees or Plants to an Acre 
The following table will show how many trees or plants 
are required for an acre if planted apart at the distances 
specified. 
Feet 
Planted Apart 
40. 
Number Required, 
Square Method 
Number Required, 
Triangular Method 
^1 
35. 
jn 
30. 
. 50. 
25. 
Qn 
20. 
18. 
1 
15. 
. 195_ 
12. 
10. 
8. 
. 775 
6. 
5.. 
. 1,745. 
4. 
3. 
2. 
1. 
. 50,300 
