J831.J New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. 151 
mer patent machine for cutting from 
list to list: or that hard stubbed feel, 
as in clothe cut in the longitudinal di¬ 
rection. It will cut cassimeres, one or 
two at a time, with equal facility. The 
power of one man will drive it in full 
work and speed. The cutters are made 
solid, of the best double-refined cast- 
steel, and are as hard as any common 
shear, an advantage not attainable in 
the former patent machines; from 
which it is expected that the cutters 
will work twelve months without being 
sharpened. The adjustment of the beds 
is so simple, that it does not require a 
mechanic; and will move through a 
space of three-quarters of an inch with¬ 
out injuring its elasticity. 
A sufficient number of the best ma¬ 
chines hitherto in use, to shear an equal 
quantity of cloth, would be more than 
double the expence of this machine. 
If a cerf of a long piece of cloth can be 
cut in ten hours by one of Harmer 5 s 
frames, this machine is equal to twenty 
of them. The length of cut by the 
old machine is about 450 feet per 
minute, but by this machine 40,000 
feet. 
To Gilbert Lang and Robert 
Smith, of Park holm, near Glasgow , 
Calico Printers; for the Mode of 
producing the Swiss new deep and pale 
Red , by topical Mordants , and a pale 
blue Discharge on said Red. 
When the cotton cloth has been freed 
by steeping and boiling in soap and 
water, from the paste used by the 
weaver, and any other impurities it may 
have acquired, immerse it thoroughly, 
or, as it is called, tramp or pad it in 
a solution of any alkali and oil or grease, 
forming an imperfect soap, or boil it in 
any of the perfect soaps dissolved in 
water, or in a solution of soda and galli- 
poli oil, in the proportion of one gallon 
of oil to twenty gallons of soda-lees, 
at the strength of four degrees and a 
half; then dry the cloth in the stove, 
and repeat the process several times, 
which may he varied at pleasure accor¬ 
ding to the lustre and durability of the 
colour wanted, stove-drying the cloth 
between every immersion. To the 
above solutions add a little sheep’s 
dung for the first three immersions, 
these are called the dung liquors ; after 
the cloth lias received the dung liquors, 
it is steeped for twelve hours in a quan¬ 
tity of water, 110°, of heat of Fahrenheit ; 
this is called the green steep. The 
clothj being again stove-dried, %s im¬ 
mersed as above in a solution of alkali 
and oil, or grease, or boiled in perfect 
soap dissolved, but without the sheep’s 
dung; this is repeated four times, or 
oftener, according to the brilliancy of 
colours wanted, stove-drying as before 1 
between every immersion ; these are 
called the white liquors. Steep the 
cloth for twelve hours at 125o 0 f Fah¬ 
renheit, which forms what is called the 
white steep. The doth being now 
thoroughly washed in cold water and 
dried, is ready to receive, first, the pink 
mordant, which is composed as follows: 
take equal quantities, by measurement, 
of a decoction of galls at the strength 
of four to six, and a solution of alum 
at one-half degree, the alum being pre¬ 
viously saturated with whitening, or 
any other alkali, in the proportion of 
o?ie ounce to the pound weight of alum; 
mix them together, and raise the tem¬ 
perature to I40o of Fahrenheit, or as 
hot as can he handled. By immersion, 
as formerly mentioned, in this mixture, 
the cloth, when dyed and cleared, ex¬ 
hibits a beautiful pink, equal if not su¬ 
perior to that produced by cochineal;, 
and forms the ground colour of the in¬ 
vention. The same effect may be pro¬ 
duced by using the galls and alum as 
above separately. As a substitute for 
galls in the foregoing process, the fol¬ 
lowing substances may be used, viz. 
oak-bark, sawdust of oak, sliumac, my- 
robalan, citrons, tormentil roots, or 
any other substance, containing a suffi¬ 
ciency of the tanning principle or as¬ 
tringent quality; and as a substitute 
for alum the following may be used, 
viz. alum dissolved or held in solution 
by vinegar, pyroligneous, or any 
of the vegetable or animal acids, or any 
number of them combined (but which 
may be most readily obtained by using 
acetate of lead or sugar of lead,) or as a 
substitute for alum may be used any of 
the mineral, vegetable, or animal acids 
combined, singly or together, with tin, 
lead, zinc, antimony, bismuth, cobalt, 
or nikel. 
The invention to which they claim 
the sole and exclusive right, consists m 
the mode of preparing the cloth for, and 
applying the mordants, which produce 
a more durable and brilliant deep red 
than the Turkey red, a second or pale 
red, a beautiful pink and a blue dis¬ 
charge formed upon it, which produces 
a style of work of uncommon brilliancy 
and variety of colours. 
Repertory. 
VARIETIES, 
