155 
1821.1 Literary and Philosophical Intelligence, 
New Shetland is found to extend 
From 54o HV west to 61° 28', and from 
f>0° s. to G3° 30/. Other accounts add 
2° more w. long, and l°of s. lat. 
The provisional committee for the 
encouragement of industry, and reduc¬ 
tion of poor’s rates at the King’s Head 
Tavern, Poultry, in contemplating the 
condition of agricultural labourers for 
more than half a century, have per¬ 
ceived the continual deterioration of 
their condition, occasioned by a series 
of causes over which they had no con¬ 
trol. Of these the progress of taxation 
upon the necessaries of life, and the 
alienation of the privilege of common 
land , and small holdings of land , which 
furnished the most profitable occupa¬ 
tion for themselves and families’ lei¬ 
sure hours, must be reckoned the most 
considerable. Besides that the general 
demolition of small farms by abridging 
the demand, tended to keep down tjie 
value of their labour. Hence, poverty 
has been taking the place of compara¬ 
tive ease, and privation of enjoyment. 
Large masses of waste land will furnish 
the most salutary remedy. Here our 
dissatisfied, because half-famished la¬ 
bourers, might be permanently relieved 
in coincidence with the interest of the 
other portions of society. Among the 
purposes embraced by the protecting 
care of our statesmen in the reign of 
Queen Elizabeth, it was enacted that 
employment should be provided for all: 
and that cottages should be supplied 
with some land; the necessity of which 
latter provision was so well understood 
in the reign of King Charles I. that a 
special commission was appointed to 
enforce its observance. By the revival 
of such means, the return of our pros¬ 
perity may at no distant period be an¬ 
ticipated. Without colonization our 
population, will, on our own soil, be 
amply sustained, and poor’s rates 
gradually diminish, till the impotent 
and infirm alone will be the appli¬ 
cants.” 
It appears that the nightingale does 
not visit Yorkshire so frequently as it 
did forty or fifty years ago. Whatever 
maybe the cause, it is confessedly now 
seldom heard in this part of the island. 
The discovery of an easy and effec¬ 
tual method of preventing the destruc¬ 
tion of woollen fabrics and furs by 
moths is due to the officers of Artillery 
at Woolwich, employed in the inspec¬ 
tion of clothing returned from Spain. 
It was observed, that in casks where all 
other woollen substances were totally 
destroyed, those cloths that had been 
rendered water-proof by the common 
well known process, remained un¬ 
touched. Attention haviug thus been 
excited to this circumstance, other si¬ 
milar mixed packages were examined, 
and the results were found to be in¬ 
variable. 
A liquor is brewed from the berries 
of the mountain ash, in North Wales, 
called died griafol, by only crushing 
and putting water to them. After 
standing for a fortnight it is fit for use ; 
its flavour somewhat resembles perry. 
FRANCE. 
Mr. Simonde de Sismondi, the well 
known author of the History of the 
Italian Republics, is engaged in a work 
of the first importance, the want of which 
has been long and univei sally acknow¬ 
ledged—a Complete Histoiy of the 
French Nation. The patience and saga¬ 
city displayed by the author in his multi¬ 
farious researches, his perspicuous style 
and excellent arrangement, and above 
all the spirit of liberty which never 
ceases to animate him, afford abun¬ 
dant proof that, if he lives to complete 
his design, he will raise a literary 
monument worthy of his own reputa¬ 
tion, and of the great nation whose 
deeds he is about to commemorate. 
Messrs. Dufau and Guadet, of 
Paris, have recently published a dic¬ 
tionary of ancient geography, which is 
recommended in the foreign journals, 
as containing information unique in its 
kind. Close to the ancient names of 
places, is the corresponding modern 
one. Annexed is a map of the world, 
as known to the ancients, by M. Bi nd, 
geographer to his R. H. Monsieur. 
Ancient geography is not only an ob¬ 
ject of learned curiosity, but is a ne¬ 
cessary compliment of history, and 
should form one essential basis of edu¬ 
cation. 
A number of Cachemire goats, im¬ 
ported into France by M. Ternaux, 
have been settled at Perpignan, where 
having recovered their health, they are 
beginning to propagate. After yeaning 
iu March, the down, some rudiments 
of which had appeared in April, began 
to get intwined, and this may be looked 
upon as an approach to maturity. 
44 This I had plucked up,” says M. 
Tessier (in his communication to the 
Royal Academy of Sciences) 44 with 
horn combs, and it was thus almost 
pure and free from clots.” Each ani¬ 
mal furnished on an average three 
ounces and a half; some, including a 
large 
