1821.] 
in all its parts an aspect equally prosper¬ 
ous ; yet several of the most important 
among; them have increased in activity, 
and almost no-where does the want of em¬ 
ployment give ground for well-founded 
complaints. 
“ The administration assumes every 
where in the provinces, as well as in the 
cities and rural communes, a more regular 
and more secure march. Improvements, 
which experience recommends to my care, 
become the object of my serious delibera¬ 
tion. The communication between differ¬ 
ent parts of the kingdom become more and 
more easy. That between the two seats of 
the court has been considerably ameliorated, 
and I entertain the hope that, with the co¬ 
operation of the provinces most interested 
in the result, there will be opened anew 
source of prosperity to trade, to agricul¬ 
ture, and to industry, by the construction 
of a canal between Bois-Ie.duc and Maas¬ 
tricht. 
“ Among the improvements on which 
the happiness of my subjects fixes my at- 
tion, I regard as most important the changes 
made in the direction of the waters of the 
Rhine for the purpose of preventing the 
disasters to which a considerable portion 
of the kingdom is exposed during the 
season of thawing or high tides. This 
object is at present subjected to a particular 
examination. 
“ For a long time the discipline of the 
prisons has appeared to me susceptible of 
useful modifications, having caused the 
subject to be examined in its details. The 
report which I have received has confirmed 
me in the opinion. 
“ Unforeseen calamities have afflicted 
some parts of our transmarine possessions, 
but it is easily seen that they will surmount 
their consequences ; and we hays reason 
to flatter ourselves that the importance of 
the relations of the mother country with 
the East Indies will continue to increase. 
“ The produce of the revenue during the 
present announces results similar to those 
of the preceding year. If the produce 
of certain taxes is improved, others on the 
contrary have been less productive; and 
the experience of this year establishes 
anew how necessary is the revision of our 
financial system, if we wish to put an end 
to an annual deficit, which would in time 
destroy the best constituted state. 
PORTUGAL. 
The same fine spirit which animates 
the patriots of Spain, directs those of 
the neighbouring kingdom. A consti¬ 
tution, founded on law and liberty, 
seems likely to be adopted in both 
countries, in accordance with the best 
models and principles. The degraded 
Spanish and Portuguese names have, 
Monthly Mag. No. 360. 
369 
in consequence, become respectable 
throughout Europe. 
turkey. 
Nothing is finally settled between 
the Divan and the Czar. The latter has 
made demands, to which the former 
cannot honourably accede, and, having 
collected armies to enforce his claims, 
seems to he waiting only for grounds to 
render his invasion plausible to the 
other powers of Europe. At the same 
time, the expulsion of the Turks, and 
the erection of an independent Greek 
empire, are consummations devoutly to 
be wished. 
The newspapers through the month 
have abounded in accounts of mutual 
slaughters between the Greeks and 
Turks, in which the former appear to 
have made an heroic stand, in spite of 
the left-handed policy of the European 
legitimates , who have suffered them to 
fight their-battles alone. 
SOUTH AMERICA. 
If the accounts from the fine isthmus 
of Mexico are to be relied upon, that 
Spanish province seems likely to be¬ 
come an independent state. A struggle 
has commenced, and as lights must 
always triumph over usurpations, there 
can be no doubt of the ultimate issue. 
The adjoining republic of Venezuela 
appears now to he established beyond 
the possibility of further disturbance. 
By the latest accounts the city of Car- 
thagena, then besieged, was the only 
remaining possession of the bigotted 
priests and infatuated royalists. In 
Peru, the cause of liberty is in a similar 
train of success, The army of San Mar¬ 
tin had defeated a division of the royal¬ 
ists, and the Viceroy was constrained 
to enter into an armistice, of which the 
following are the conditions : 
Armistice concluded between the Commis¬ 
sioners of their Excellencies Senor D. 
Jose de Lacerna and Senor 1). Jose de 
San Martin. 
The Commissioners assembled in Puncha- 
neu to treat concerning the mode of putting 
an end to the evils of the war in Pern, con¬ 
vinced of the necessity of a temporary sus¬ 
pension of hostilities, for the purpose of 
fixing the bases of a negotiation, and of 
concluding an armistice, during which an 
attempt may be made to remove the existing 
differences between the Spanish Government 
and the Independents of this part of South 
America; after having interchanged and ac¬ 
knowledged their respective powers, the Com¬ 
missioners have agreed upon the following 
articles : — 
1. Hostilities are suspended between the 
contracting parties during the term ©f twenty 
3 A days, 
Political Affairs in October . 
