1S22.J New Patents and 
or separated by the keel, the whole of 
the planks being 1 well pinned, trenailed 
or bolted together, without frame tim¬ 
bers, beams, knees, breast-hooks, or 
stern. The thickness and number of 
layers of planks must depend upon the 
strength reauired for the tonnage of the 
vessel, and the service in Which she is 
intended to be employed. 
The next improvement consists in 
making the keel in three thicknesses ; 
the middle, called the core of the keel, 
being of timber keyed together, and ly¬ 
ing horizontally fore and aft, which is 
to be cased with planks placed verti¬ 
cally on each side crossing the core, to¬ 
gether with a horizontal plank under 
the whole, called the sole, for the pur¬ 
pose of protecting the ends of the cross 
planking. 
The third part of the improvement 
consists in producing, from a given 
model on a small scale, a set of tempo¬ 
rary frames, or moulds, for the purpose 
of giving to the hulk of the vessel the 
same figure and relative proportion as 
the model. To effect this object a mo¬ 
del is made out of a solid piece of soft 
wood to tile shape required, according 
to the service for which the vessel is 
intended, upon a scale of not less than 
a quarter of an inch to a foot; to this 
are affixed a keel and cutwater, in 
such a manner as to be capable of being 
detached from the hull. This model 
is then cut through at right angles to 
the keel, in as many places as the 
builder intends to provide temporary 
frames for giving the layers of plank¬ 
ing their proper support and figure, 
while building the vessel. 
In the third course it is proposed to 
lay sheatliing-paper dipped in tar, the 
joints being slightly caulked. The 
fourth course is also to he covered with 
sheathing fastened by wooden pegs, so 
that no iron may be in the way of the 
augur; and the whole of the work may 
be payed over with hot stuff and the 
paper put on instantly, so as to adhere 
without pegs and shew a fair surface to 
the last course, by which moisture will 
be effectually resisted, and a consider¬ 
able expense saved. A composition of 
quick lime and linseed oil made fine, 
should be well pressed into the seams 
each course, and a very thin coat laid 
over the last planking, would tend to 
preserve the wood from decay and se¬ 
cure it from damp; or white lead and 
oil in some cases may be preferred in 
laying on the wales, bends, mouldings, 
&c. 
Mechanical Inventions . 535 
To Charles Phillips, of Albe¬ 
marle Street , London , for Improve¬ 
ments in the Apparatas for propelling 
Vessels ; and an Improvement in the 
construction of Vessels so propelled . 
—July, 1821. 
This invention consists in a method 
of propelling vessels on water by means 
of paddle-wheels which revolve hori¬ 
zontally. It includes also a method of 
constructing and applying moveable 
paddles, which are made to descend 
into the water at that point of the 
wheel’s revolution where the paddle is 
to be brought into the action of rowing, 
and to ascend again out of the water 
when the full effective stroke is given. 
It is proposed to enclose between decks, 
alLbut the paddles in immediate ope¬ 
ration ; by which contrivance, it is 
conceived, that vessels may be propel¬ 
led in high or rolling seas with 
greater effect, and will hence, he more 
safe and generally suitable, 
LIST OF PATENTS FOR NEW INVENTIONS. 
To James Gardner, of Banbury, ironmon¬ 
ger, for bis machine preparatory to melting, 
in the manufacture of tallow, soap, and 
candles, and which machine may be used for 
other similar purposes. 
To John Bates, of Bradford, machine- 
maker, for certain machinery for the purpose 
of feeding furnaces of every description, 
steam engines, and other boilers, with coal, 
coke, and fuel of every kind. 
To William Westley Richards, of Birming¬ 
ham, gun-maker, for his improvement in the 
construction of gun and pistol locks. 
To William Penrose, of Sturmmorgangs, 
Yorkshire, miller, for his various improve¬ 
ments in the machinery for propelling vessels, 
and in vessels so propelled. 
To Edward ^Bowles Symes, of Lincoln’s 
Inn, esq. for his expanding hydrostatic piston 
to resist the pressure of certain fluids, and 
slide easily in an imperfect cylinder. 
To Joseph Grout, of Gutter-lane, Cheap- 
side, London, crape manufacturer, for his new 
manufacture of crape, which he conceives will 
be of great public utility. 
To Neil Arnott, M.B. of Bedford-square, 
for his improvements connected with the 
production and agency of beat in furnaces, 
steam a;»id air engines, distilling, evaporating, 
and brewing apparatus. 
To Richard Macnamara, of Canterbury- 
buildings, Lambeth, esq. for his improvement 
in paving, pitching, and covering streets, roads, 
and other places. 
To John Collinge, of Lambeth, Surrey, 
engineer, for his improvements on hinges, 
which he conceives will be of public utility. 
To Henry Robinson Palmer, of Hackney, 
civil engineer, for his improvements in the 
construction of railways, or trainroads, and 
of the carriage or carriages. 
VARIETIES, 
