1822,] Literary and Philosophical Intelligence . 543 
short elevation from the ground. The 
fireman takes his stand on this platform 
and behind the shield ; he is drawn 
by ropes near the current of heat and 
flames, without being scorched or feel¬ 
ing any inconvenience; and with the 
hose pipe, or leader in his hand, he 
directs the water to the part where it is 
most required. In this way a line of 
shields may be formed in close order, 
in front of a powerful heat, behind 
which the firemen may stand ivith safety 
and play upon the houses with their 
water pipes. 
AFRICA. 
A remarkable animal has been dis¬ 
covered in South Africa, by the Rev. 
John Campbell, of the London Mis¬ 
sionary Society. The Hottentots who 
shot the creature never having seen or 
heard of an animal with a horn of so 
great a length, they cut off its head, 
and brought it bleeding on the back of 
an ox to Mr. Campbell. Mr. C. would 
gladly have transported the whole of it 
with him to Europe; but its great 
weight, * and the distance of the 
spot (the city of Mashow) from Cape 
Town (about 1200 miles,) determined 
him to reduce it by cutting off the un¬ 
der-jaw. The head measured from the 
ears to the nose three feet; the length 
of the horn, which is nearly black, is 
also three feet, projecting from the fore¬ 
head, about ten inches above the nose. 
There is a small horny projection of a 
conical shape, measuring about eight 
inches, immediately behind the great 
horn, apparently designed for keeping 
fast or steady whatever is penetrated 
by the great horn. This projection is 
scarcely observed at a little dis¬ 
tance. The animal is not carnivorous, 
but chiefly feeds on grass and bushes. 
It is well known in the kingdom of 
Mashow, the natives of which make 
from the great horn, handles for their 
battle-axes. The animal appears to be 
a species of rhinoceros; but judging 
from the size of its head, it must have 
been, much larger than the common 
rhinoceros of South Africa, which has 
a large crooked horn, nearly resemb¬ 
ling the shape of a cock’s spur, point¬ 
ing- backward, and a short one of the 
same form, immediately behind it. Mr. 
Campbell was very desirous to obtain 
as adequate an idea as possible of the 
bulk of the animal killed near Mashow, 
and with this view questioned his Hot¬ 
tentots, who described it as being much 
larger than the rhinoceros, and equal 
in size to three oxen or four horses. 
EAST INDIES. 
The establishments of the English 
East India Company, have been de¬ 
tailed in a French journal, as follow; 
Their commercial operations com¬ 
menced originally about 200 years ago, 
with a capital of £ 72,000 sterling; and 
now the commercial capital in ship¬ 
ping, merchandize, &c. is estimated 
at twenty-one millions. The terri¬ 
torial possessions comprehend 380,000 
English square miles, with a popula¬ 
tion, more or less subject, of SO millions, 
and a revenue of about 17 millions 
sterling per annum. The military 
force consists of 150,000 men, of which 
1 IS battalions are infantry and 16 regi¬ 
ments cavalry, native troops; also three 
regiments of infantry, with six batta¬ 
lions of artillery, Europeans. 
In the ci vil establishment the com¬ 
pany has judges, governors, ambassa¬ 
dors with Indian princes, and a vast 
number of other subordinate charac¬ 
ters. These immense colonial establish¬ 
ments are under the immediate direc¬ 
tion of twenty-four merchants resident 
in London : subject, however, to the 
controul of a council or board ad hoc , 
composed of ministers of state, and de¬ 
pending on the Parliament, from which 
the company received its privileges. 
NEW SOUTH WALES. 
On the 23d of March, 1820, Gover¬ 
nor Macquarie, (New South Wales) 
laid the first stone of a school for the 
education of poor children. It is to 
contain 500, aud adopt Lancaster’s 
method. There is another school in 
the colony for orphans (male,) another 
for ditto, (female,) and a third for indi¬ 
gent childreivof both sexes. In these 
are taught the elements of the Christian 
religion, reading, writing and arithme¬ 
tic, the principles of drawing and 
practical agriculture. Their progress, 
as reported, is very satisfactoiy. Civi¬ 
lization is making advances among the 
savages, many of their children being 
in these schools. The ulterior inten¬ 
tion is to intermarry the young persons, 
when of age, and to grant them farms, 
cattle, ploughing implements, &c. On 
the 1st of Dec. 1820, Governor Mac¬ 
quarie laid the foundation of a new 
town, to be called Campbeltown. The 
situation is in the district of Aird, 
within a larger level territory of the 
same name. This will make the se¬ 
venth town erected in that part of the 
world. The others are Sidney, Para¬ 
matta, Windsor (late Hawksbury,) 
Liverpool, Newcastle, and Bathurst. 
REPORT 
