78 
A Monograph of Culicidae. 
of a few small oceanic islands, are cosmopolitan, but I believe 
even in the small oceanic islands they will be found when care¬ 
fully searched for. Some of the genera of this family have a 
more limited range than others. 
The Anopheles occur in nearly every country, but they seem 
to prefer warm climates. Out of the forty-three species of 
Anopheles that I have seen, no less than twelve occur in India 
and the Malay Peninsula, live in South America, and four in 
the West Indies, whilst so far six species are recorded from 
West Africa; two of these species occur in the greatest abun¬ 
dance. From Europe we have certainly live and possibly six 
species, but with the exception of one (A. maculipennis ) they 
have not a wide distribution and do not occur in any great 
numbers, such as we find A. costalis doing on the West Coast of 
Africa. Four species occur in Australia, where, anyhow in 
Queensland, they seem to be abundant. 
Both the Indian and African Anopheles have a wide distribu¬ 
tion on their own Continents. I feel sure that A. harhirostris 
occurs at Lagos as well as in Malay, but no other species is 
common to the two countries. Anopheles Pcssii may be found 
from Ceylon to China, but does not occur in Africa, America, 
Australasia or Europe, for I think Grassi is wrong in looking 
upon it as a sub-species of A. superpictus.* Europe and North 
America have a species common to both Continents, viz., A. 
maculipennis, Meigen, and I feel sure the Asiatic A. Sinensis 
occurs as a sub-species ( pseudopictus , Grassi) in Europe. But, 
speaking generally, the species of Anopheles are somewhat re¬ 
stricted in distribution. 
Culex is a world-wide genus, occurring from the Arctic 
circles to the Equator, and is more or less abundant in all 
countries, both in species and numbers. 
The geuus Psorophora, in the restricted and modified sense, 
occurs only in the southern half of North America and in South 
America ; the nearly allied new genus Mucidus on the West 
Coast of Africa, Malay Peninsula and in Australia. Sahethes so 
far has only been recorded from South America. The brilliant 
Megarhinas occur chiefly between latitude 40° N. and 40° S., 
especially in South America, but also in North and Central 
America, in Africa, India, Eastern and Western Indies and 
Australia. 
The single species of the new genus Toxorhynchites occurs in 
* Giles lias recently shown their larvae to be quite distinct. 
