Breeding Grounds of Larvae . 39 
Dr. Daniels (Rept. R. Soc., Dec. 1900, p. 26, &c.) records 
Anopheles larvae amongst grass growing in shallows at the .edge of 
the river, and in grass-grown sandbanks well out in the stream. 
Similar observations were made by him at other parts of the 
Lower Shire River and Zambesi. This mainly applies to 
A. funestus, but the breeding-grounds are similar for other species, 
he says, often the same. Dr. Daniels also points out (p. 31) 
that they are abundant in the shallow pits, called “ borrow pits,” 
along the railways in East Africa. 
Regarding the breeding-places of Anopheles in St. Lucia, 
Dr. St. George Gray, M.B., writes the following: “One day, 
whilst riding in a very heavy rain, I observed the roadside drains, 
which in hilly parts are a series of pools each overflowing into 
the one below. When a culvert or cross drain carried away the 
water from the side of the road, I observed that the first pool or 
two below the culvert did not always overflow in spite of the 
very heavy rain, and that many of them contained algae. These 
I thought should be good breeding-grounds for Anopheles , and 
the first chance I got 1 examined the pools, and the result was 
most interesting. In the very first pool I examined I found 
larvae that lay fiat on the surface and which became mosquitoes 
with spotted wings, &c. In pool No. 2, about a quarter of a 
mile further down the same road, I found the same larvae and 
also larvae of mosquitoes which turned out to be C. pipiens * 
Those (sent) marked ‘ St. Joseph J are bred from a roadside pool 
about four miles from Castries, in the Valley of the Grand Cul 
de Sac, a notoriously unhealthy district.” In another letter this 
observer sums up his observations on Anopheles as follows : “ The 
larvae are found in pools of stagnant water containing algae and 
especially green slime. I have also found them in slightly 
running water which contained plenty of green slime. They 
seem to attach themselves to the surface slime by means of their 
caudal extremities. They also conceal themselves in the meshes 
of the slime under water, and are then difficult to see, being 
green. I have found larvae of Anopheles in roadside pools, 
generally the first pool below a drain or culvert that carries the 
water away from the road, that is, the commencement of a new 
stream. I have not yet found them in the low-lying level valleys, 
but often on the first rising ground above the bottom land. 
Dr. Gatewood, surgeon on the U.S.S. Lancaster , tells me that in 
* I have not seen C. pipiens in any West Indian collection ; this is 
probably C. fatiyans, which occurs there in abundance. 
