38 
A Monograph of Culicidae. 
do not occur, although the genus is certainly most abundant in 
and around cultivated districts. 
Most of the Anopheles puddles at Freetown contained green 
water-weeds and many small tadpoles and frogs, but none 
contained fish. Captain James, T.M.S., writing from Travancore, 
says that “ there is only one rule with regard to the haunts of 
Anopheles larvae, and that is a negative one, viz., that they do 
not breed in pots or tubs of water, or in any pool which from its 
nature ( e.g ., a pool in a rock or on very rocky ground) practically 
may be considered as a pot or tub.” 
In this part of India not only are the larvae found in puddles 
by the roadsides but in pools of water on fields or on open areas. 
They are especially common in the water covering rice-fields, and 
in any pool which may be left after a piece of ground has been 
newly dug up ; they have been found in running streams and 
old wells. Captain James also finds that they may be found in 
plenty in the small pools which are left between the rows of 
earth in potato fields or of tapioca plants when planted in the 
same manner. The species of Anopheles Captain James sends 
and which he has worked at are A. Rcssii , Giles, and a new 
species, A. Jamesii, mihi. 
Christophers and Stephens also state (Rept. 3, p. 16) that 
in the less populated portions of part of Lagos, Anopheles breed 
in the furrows of small maize gardens, and in shallow earthen¬ 
ware vessels containing rain water. 
Swamps seem favourable grounds in some parts for Anopheles. 
Mr. Christophers detected larvae in the swamps at Songo and 
Mabang, especially in small pools at the edges of the swamp, 
and in small isolated pools in the mud.* I have often found 
larvae in plenty in puddles and collections of water left after 
peat cutting in the Fens. 
Dr. J. W. Stephens and Mr. S. R. Christophers, in a 
Report to the Malarial Committee of the Royal Society,| say 
that not only do Anopheles larvae exist in small pools, and in the 
wells at Freetown, but also in the pools by the sides of streams 
and in certain small drains, and that in the dry season, in the 
absence of rock pools, Anopheles breed freely in streams and 
drains. Outside the city, in the “ bush,” Anopheles larvae were 
present throughout the whole district. In the mountain streams 
wherever there were suitable pools multitudes of the larvae existed. 
* These are a new species, A. paludis, Theobald, 
f Malarial Com. Kept., K'>yal Society Trans., July 6. 1000. 
