External Structure of a Mosquito (Scales). 9 
have observed, these curved scales show no play of colours, such 
as we see in many forms of squamae. 
Dotted over the occiput, esjDecially towards the n'ape, are 
upright scales with long stalks, expanded fan-like heads, which 
are more or less pointed at each side; these I have called 
“ upright forked scales ” (Fig. 8, 8 and 9). Some considerable 
minute variation is presented by these; some have the apex 
decidedly forked and smooth, others only slightly so, and in 
Aedeomyia the apical border is crenulated to a marked degree. 
“Upright forked scales ” occur only on the head, and are usually 
dark-brown or black in colour, but 
may in some species be white,' 
creamy, or yellow; they are fixed 
by a narrow, slightly expanded base 
to the surface of the head. Thirdly, 
on the Culex head will be found 
flat scales placed laterally ; these 
“ flat scales” have a narrow pointed 
base, and the apical border either 
flat or slightly convex, and may 
have the border smooth, crenulated, 
or with distinct points (serrated) 
projecting from it. These flat scales 
are closely applied to the surface, 
and overlay one another like the 
slates on the roof of a house ; they 
vary greatly in colour, and many of 
them show the most wonderful play 
of colours, owing to the refraction 
of the rays of light. Culicidae in 
which the £ palpi are long and ? 
short, and which have the head 
ornamented with these three forms of scales (Fig. 9, B), are 
retained in the genus Culex for reasons given in subsequent 
Fig. 8. 
Typical scales. 
Flat scale from abdomen. 
2. Broad wing scale from I’a- 
noplites. 3. Broad wing scale 
from Aedeomyia. 4. Curved hair¬ 
like scale. 5. Narrow curved 
scale. 6. Flat' spindle-shaped 
scale. 7. Small form of 6. 
8 and 9. Upright forked-scales. 
10. Twisted upright scale. 11. 
Inflated parti-coloured scale. 
pages. 
In many Calices , such, for instance, as Megarhinus, TJrano- 
taenia and Toxorliynchites , only flat scales are foun$ on the 
head, curved and upright forked ones being entirely absent, the 
whole head being clothed with a complete armour of flat over¬ 
lapping scales (Fig. 9, D and K). 
A number of the species formerly included in the genus 
Culex have this character, namely, the head clothed with flat 
