88 
A Monograph of Culicidae. 
adopted, such as working under a mosquito-curtain. There is no 
doubt that as long as the natives have this fever rife amongst 
them, Europeans mixing with them and living near their 
quarters will be subject to fever. I believe it will be found far 
more successful to attack the parasites in the natives with 
quinine than to destroy the mosquitoes. It is most important that 
all the new genera mentioned in this work, formerly treated as 
Culex, should be experimented with in connection with malaria. 
Filariasis.— The mosquito also acts as the intermediate 
host of the small helminth known as Filaria Bancroftii, which 
causes a considerable mortality in tropical and sub-tropical 
countries. To Drs. Bancroft and Manson we owe the discovery 
of the wonderful life-history of this nematode worm. 
This blood-worm undergoes developmental changes in the 
mosquitoes that have ingested human blood containing them. 
Dr. Bancroft traced its development in what he calls 
C. ciliaris, L., really C. fatigans, v. Skusii, Giles. He found the 
parasites would not grow in C. notoscriptus , Skuse, C. annulirostris, 
Skuse, C. commovens, Wlk. ( = C. alternans , Westwood), C. vigilcix, 
Skuse (what Dr. Bancroft sends as C. vigilax, Skuse, is a new 
species, C. marinus, mihi), C. nigortliorax , Macq., C. procax, Skuse, 
and A. musivus , Skuse. 
Captain James has shown it to develop in Culex fatigans, 
Wied., and also in Anopheles Bossii, Giles, so that both genera 
have the power of acting as secondary host to this blood-worm. 
In nearly all those districts where this disease is prevalent 
Culex fatigans , Wied., occurs, so that probably it forms the 
chief host, although Anopheles and Panoplites are now known 
to act as host as well as Culex. A full account of this disease 
will be found in a paper by Dr. Nuttall in the “ Encyclopaedia 
Medica,” vol. iii. 
Yellow fever. —Finlay,* from 1881 to 1886, published 
papers dealing with yellow fever and mosquitoes; in these he 
puts forward the theory that mosquitoes played the chief role in 
the spread of yellow fever, and he considered that immunity to 
yellow fever might be produced by allowing mosquitoes which 
had sucked the blood of a yellow-fever patient to bite the indi¬ 
vidual to be protected. He worked with C. fasciatus and 
C. cubensis, Bigot, which is C. fatigans , Wied. But, regarding 
* <; Am, Journ. Med. Sci.,” pp. 395-409, 1886. Philadelphia. 
