116 
A Monograph of Culicidae. 
The two chief characters are the long palpi in both sexes, 
and the prolongation of the second and third long veins into the 
basal cells, and the shortness of the fork-cells in the £ . 
This is the second largest gemis of Culicidae, containing 
forty-three species and several distinct sub-species and varieties. 
Thirty species had previously been described, but a number of 
these are doubtful species, others synonymous terms, and some 
not even Anopheles. 
Of those described here, fifteen are new species, and three 
previously described (A. annularis, V. d. Wulp, A. nigerrimus , 
Giles, and A. pseudopictus, Grassi) are treated as sub-species of 
A. Sinensis, Wiedemann. 
Although comparatively few in species, the number of indi¬ 
viduals is often very great, especially in certain localities, 
A. Sinensis, sub-species annularis, occurs in great abundance in 
the Malay Peninsula, A. costalis and A. funestus in West and 
Central Africa, A. maculipennis in Europe, &c. 
With the exception of A. Sinensis and its sub-species, A. super - 
pictus, Grassi, A. harhirostris, Van der Wulp, A. Rossii, Giles, and 
A. maculipennis, Meigen, the species of Anopheles do not seem to 
have a wide distribution, such as we see in many of the genus 
Culex* There, is no reason why Anopheles should not be distri¬ 
buted artificially, just as in Culex, by means of ships and trains ; 
and it may be that such has taken place, and that the introduced 
species have varied to some considerable extent. In Anopheles 
annularis from the Malay Peninsula there is some considerable 
variation in colour and banding. If this variation takes place in 
one area, it is reasonable to suppose that greater variation may 
have taken place when the insects have been transported to a 
new environment. 
If this could be proved to take place, I might agree with 
Grassi’s decision of taking A. Rossii, Giles, to be a sub-species 
of his A. superpictus, but the characters of A. Hossii are so very 
persistent and also of A. superpictus that at present I prefer 
to look upon them as separate species, j Quite the contrary is it 
in A. Sinensis, which we know is very variable, even in the same 
locality. Anopheles are blood-suckers, especially the females, the 
males very seldom feed off blood; our two common British 
* Colonel Giles has recently found my sub-species albipcs of A. argy - 
rotarsis in India. 
f Since this went to press the larvae of Hossii and superpictus have been 
shown to be quite distinct. 
