8o 
THE NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL. 
The pupa of Epione apiciaria should be sought for among leaves 
lying beneath alder trees ; and when pupa-hunting at the foot of 
oak trees Odontopera bidcntata may be looked for beneath moss. 
Aplasta ononaria is another species which delights to pupate 
underneath moss. 
Hemorophila abruptaria spins a cocoon in an angle of the stems 
of lilac trees and may also be found on rose. Boarmia rhomboi- 
daria may sometimes be found by digging beneath rose bushes, 
but more often beneath birch trees and wild plum. Amphidasis 
betularia , Pygerabucephala, and someof those previously mentioned, 
will be turned up by the trowel when digging beneath lime trees. 
Nyssia hispidaria should be looked for in the ground at the foot 
of oak trees. 
Pupa digging should not be confined to the immediate 
neighbourhood of trees, as many kinds may be fouud at the base 
of old walls where the ground is soft and mossy ; also close to 
gate posts, and even in open ground, especially in gardens. The 
rare Hecatera dysodea may be found sometimes in the latter 
when digging up an old lettuce bed, and others of the genus 
should be" sought for where sowthistles, goosefoot and nettles 
have been growing.— A. h. w. 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Pcecilocampci popidim&y be found in outhouses, etc ; Hybernia 
aurantiaria at rest on birch and oak twigs after dark, or flying 
just at dusk ; H. defoliaria flying at dusk about hedges and oak 
trees and Cheimatobia brumata sitting on the leafless twigs of 
orchard and other trees. 
Many micro larvae may be found now in dry thistle-stems, 
teasel heads, the roots of mugwort and yarrow, fir cones and moss 
and on lichens.— A. h. w. 
COLEOPTERA. 
The collector of Coleoptera will find plenty of beetles during 
December, if he only takes the trouble to look for them. Many 
species will be found in haystacks ; the loose hay and refuse col¬ 
lected round the bottom of the stack and underneath is usually 
the most productive part; this should be shaken over a newspaper 
which should be very carefully examined otherwise many species 
will be passed over. Faggot-stacks, especially when situated in 
woods, are often very productive : the bundles of faggots should 
be shaken over a paper, many rare and local insects having been 
taken in this way. 
Dead leaves, in woods, are well w'orth working ; this month, 
very local and rare beetles are often obtained in this way; only 
those leaves which are damp and decaying should be tried, and 
especially when they lie a few inches deep in some partly dry 
ditch ; they should be shaken and examined very' carefully on a 
