THE ROUTE THROUGH THE MOUNTAINS. 69 
flocks to summer pasture by Lake Son Kul. The next day, July 8, we went on 
with the Kirghiz, crossing the Dongus-tau range at about 10,000 feet elevation, 
reaching the lake about noon, and camping above 9,300 feet in one of the summer 
villages on its southern border, after an afternoon ride to a small glaciated valley. 
The gra}- }-urts of many Kirghiz encampments were dotted around the lake, and 
near each camp the grassy meadows gave pasture to camels by the score, horses and 
cattle by the hundred, and sheep and goats b}- the thousand. On July 9 we forded 
the outlet of the lake at its southeastern corner, went northward along the plains 
on its eastern side, visited two glaciated valleys of the Kok-tal range in the 
afternoon and then had our view of the flat-topped Bural-bas-tau range to the 
southeast; we camped in another summer village for the night. On July 10 
we crossed the Kum-ashu pass in the Kok-tal range and descended northward to 
the Tuluk \'alley, camping again in a Kirghiz village. Having seen during the 
descent a large moraine in the Chalai range (fig. 49), north of the valley, we went 
up to it (fig. 50) on the morning of July 11, and in the afternoon followed down 
the Tuluk-su, eastward to its junction with the Juvan-arik (so-called by a post- 
master, but named Kara-khojur on the 40-verst map), and there stayed in the post 
station, Sari-bulak, on the road from Kashgar and Narinsk through the mountains 
to the open conntr}' of the north. On July 12 we went northward through deep 
gorges in the Yukok-tau range down the Juvan-arik to its junction with the Kach- 
kar River in the Kach-kar basin, south of the Alexander range, and rested at Serai 
Kara-gol over July 13. The river below the junction is the upper trunk stream of 
the Chu, which farther on escapes northward from the mountains and then flows 
far west to disappear on the plains ; but it is here called the Urta-Takoi. We 
followed it eastward on Juh' 14 and camped on the plain that borders the western 
end of Issik Kul at an altitude of 5,300 feet. 
On July 15 and 16 we made a detour south of the lake to see some glaciated 
valle}s in the Terskei Ala-tau range, camping the first night at a small spring in 
the mountains, and the second night enjoying the comfort of an excellent yurt at 
a summer village in the upper valley of the Ula-khol, an afiluent of the lake. On 
Jul\- x"] we returned to the west end of Issik Kul, where the rapid Chu makes a 
sharp bend from a northward to a westward course, and at the elbow gi\-es out a 
small distributar)-, the Kute-maldi, which flows with sluggish current eastward to 
the lake. On July 18 we followed the post road eastward along the north side of 
the lake and spent Sunday, July 19, at Turaigir station. We still followed the post 
road eastward on July 20 and 21, reaching the Russian village of Sazanovka. 
There Mr. Huntington left us on the morning of July 22, our head-man going with 
him, on the road around the east end of the lake, and thence southwest and south 
over the Tian Shan to Kashgar, as is duly set forth in his report. ISIr. Brovtzine 
and I turned northward, hoping to cross the Kungei Ala-tau range by the Sutto- 
bulak pass on the direct way to Vyemyi. We spent the night of July 22 at a 
Kirghiz camp in a moraine basin, at about 8,000 feet altitude, but on Juh- ij, were 
disappointed to find the valley head below the pass covered with decji snow. We 
attempted to beat a track for our horses (fig. 52), but gave it up on reaching the 
