86 
EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN. 
MORAINES IN THE TERSKEI ALA-TAU. 
When we reached the southwest shore of Issik Kul (July 14), the snowy 
summits of the Terskei Ala-tau were seen to the south ; so we crossed the outer, 
lower ranges from the delta to the upper valley of the Ula-khol, and there at once 
came upon an interesting group of moraines. 
The first moraines seen (M, fig. 43) were in a longitudinal valley at the 
northern base of the Terskei Ala-tau, about 3 miles to the southeast of the head of 
the Ula-khol gorge in the outer range. They had been formed by a glacier or 
Fig. 51. — A Young Moraine within the Old Moraine in the Chalai Range, looking north. 
glaciers that descended northward from the Kashga and Tnra side valleys, and stood 
at an altitude of somewhat over 7,000 feet. Their Iiills were delicately rounded ; 
the streams had eroded open-floored valleys acro.ss the morainic belt ; no undrained 
basins remained ; some hillocks were isolated, as if the valley-floor gravels had been 
aggraded around them. The materials of the moraine were, as a rule, unweathered, 
but we found in fre.sh-cut banks a few stones decomposed to a friable condition. 
About 2 miles to the south, and at an estimated elevation of between 8,500 
and 9,000 feet, another moraine was seen in the Kashga \'alley. This was judged 
to be much younger, as seen in the distance, because the stream had cut onl)- a 
narrow trench through it. 
