X ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Page. 
Fig. 39. Kuve-Gen-Shigai-ef and some of his men at Akh Tash, Son Kul 68 
40. The flaHopped Bural-bas-taii, looking southeast ■;j 
41. The flat -topped Bural-bas-tau, looking south j^ 
42. Distant profile of the Ale.xander Range, looking west 75 
43. Rough sketch map of the ranges southwest of Issik Kul 75 
44. Ideal section from range C to D, figure 43, looking east 76 
45. A tarentass at a station on the post-road between Vyernyi and Semipalatinsk. . . 77 
46. Rough outline of the Dsungarian .\la-tau, looking south 77 
47. Rough sketch of a range near Abukumof Station, looking south 78 
48. The rolling steppe north of Sergiopol. Semipalatinsk 79 
49. The Chalai Range from Kuni-ashu Pass in the Kok-tal Range, Jooking north. ... 84 
50. Moraine in the Tuluk Valley, looking west 85 
51. A young moraine within the old moraine in the Chalai Range, looking north. ... 86 
52. Snowfield below Sutto-bulak Pass in the Kungei Ala^au, looking southwest. ... 88 
53. Profile of a cirque at the head of a normal valley 90 
54. Cirque in the Kalkagar-tau 90 
55. Cirques in the Kalkagar-tau 91 
SO. Cirque near Sutto-bulak Pass, Kungei Ala-tau 91 
57. General cross-section of the Narin formation, looking east 92 
58. A small monocline in tihe Narin formation, looking east 93 
59. Three-mile section through Ulu-tuz gorge, looking east 93 
60. The Alabuga Valley, looking north 94 
61. Four-mile section across the northern border of the Narin formation, looking east. 95 
62. Fifteen-mile section across the Kach-kar Basin, looking east 96 
63. Terraces of the (western) Kugart, looking northeast 98 
64. Three-mile section across the (western) Kugart Valley, looking northeast 99 
65. Gorge of Dhe (western) Kugart, above Taran Bazaar, looking east 99 
66. One-mile section of gorge in the (western) Kugart Valley, looking northeast. . . 100 
67. Upper terrace of the (eastern) Kugart, near the Kirghiz Bridge 100 
68. Gravel bluff in the terraces of the (eastern) Kugart, looking south loi 
69. Ten-mile section of a landslide in the (eastern) Kugart Valley, looking northeast. 102 
70. Two-mile section of terraces in Alabuga Valley, looking east 102 
71. Three-mile section of terraces at the junction of the Alabuga and Narin rivers. . 103 
72. Ideal section of terraces 104 
73. A drowned vaJley in the plain at the east end of Issik Kul, looking northeast. . . . 108 
74. Shorelines of Issik Kul at the northwest end (A), the middle (B), and the 
northeast end (C) of the lake 109 
75. Diagram of the relation of a valley, the raised beaches, and the present shoreline 
of Issik Kul no 
76. Profile of the Issik Kul shorelines on a granitic headland, looking west in 
77. Effect of tilting on an inclosed lake ; uplift on the right 112 
78. Effect of tilting on an inclosed lake; uplift on the left 112 
79. Stone circles near Lake Son Kul 114 
80. A carved stone on the plain at the east end of Issik Kul, looking south 116 
81. A skeleton map of Fergana 123 
82. Map of the Pamir, taken from Sven Hedin's map 124 
83. A Kirghiz caravan on its way to the Alai Valley 125 
84. A poplar tree in the Taldic Valley 125 
83. Looking up the Taldic Valley at the entrance to the broad plain of Ak-Busa-Ga. 126 
86. Ak-Busa-Ga 127 
87. Looking across the Alai Valley to the Trans-Alai Mountains 127 
88. The Kirghiz in the Alai Valley 128 
89. Looking down the Kara Kul from Uy Bulak Pass 130 
90. Deflated bowlder of granite 131 
