TERRACES IN THE KUGART VALLEYS. 
IO.I 
undercuts the whole thickness of the valley-filling, up to the upper plain, and shows 
the half-cemented conglomerate in a fine bluff (fig. 68). Many little terraces occur 
on the opposite side of the stream. 
Several large landslides have invaded this valley from the granitic Chaar Tash 
range on the southeast. The first one noticed was just below the Kirghiz bridge 
across the Kugart-su. No verv' distinct scar was to be seen on the mountain side, 
but the path of the slide was marked by a wide belt of confused bowlder-strewn 
knobs and mounds that stretched for 8 or lo miles northwestward from the 
mountains down a moderate slope to the terrace plain. Curiously enough, the 
extremity of the slide lay, 150 feet thick, on the plain on the farther (northwest) 
Fig. 68. — Gravel Bluff in ihe Terraces of the (eastern) Kugart. looking south. Spurs of conglomerate in middle 
distance; the Fergana Range in the background. 
side of the river trench, and rose 100 feet higher there than in the tunuilt of 
mounds on the nearer (southeast) side, as in fig. 69. The slide had evidenth' taken 
place before the river had deeply intrenched itself beneath the plain, for the walls 
of the trench gave a good section of the irregular landslide mass resting on the 
well-stratified conglomerates ; and in such a case one might expect the river to 
have been turned from its former course to a new channel around the end of the 
slide; but as this did not happen, we may suppose that the river maintained its 
course by enlarging the leaks and passages through the slide. We had a fine view 
of the valley from the high terminal mounds of irregiilar form, composed of angular 
