Il8 EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN. 
LIST OF REFERENCES. 
The following list of authors and articles makes no attempt to include all that 
has been written on Western Asia, but only to present those essays that bear most 
directly on the problems here discussed. The list is, however, unfortunately incom- 
plete in many respects, inasmuch as the libraries accessible during the preparation of 
this report have been found deficient in regard to Russian explorations in Asia. 
The names of Russian authors cited are turned into English phonetic spelling. 
The sch, tsch, and dsch of the German transliteration and the soft ch of the French 
are avoided, unless the article cited is in German or French; in that case the 
published transliteration is given in parentheses. The terminal tch, which is so 
generally used, is continued instead of the English hard ch. English translations of 
Russian titles of articles are inclosed in parentheses. 
G. V. Almasy. Reise nach West-Turkestan imd in den centralen Tienshan. Mitt. k. k. geogr. Ges. 
Wien, xliv, 1901, 239-261. 
N. I. Andrusof. (Sketch of historical development of the Caspian Sea and its inhabitants: in Rus- 
sian). Isvestia Imp. Russ. Geogr. Soc, xxiv, 1888, 91-114. 
(.\ndrussow). Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Kaspischen Neogen: Die Aktschlagylschichten. 
Mem. Com. Geol. St. Pet., xv, No. 4, 1902. 
K. I. BocD-\NOviiCH. Compte rendu prelirainaire sur les reeherches orogeologiques dans la partie 
imontagneuse de la region transcaspienne et des provinces boreales de la Perse (French title 
and abstract in original Russian article). Bull. Com. (ieol. St. Pet., vi, 1887, 66-104. 
E. BRticKNER. Klimaschwankungen seit 1700. Penok's Geogr. Abhandl., iv, 1890, No. 2. 
G. Capus. a travers le royaume de Tamerlane. Paris, 1892. 
M. Friedrichsen. Morphologic des Tien-Schan. Zeitschr. Ges. Erdk. Berlin, xxxiv, 1899, 1-62, 
193-271, map. 
Beitrage zur morphologic des zentralcn Ticn-Schan. Pet. imitt., xlix, 1903, 134-137. 
G. K. Gilbert. Report upon the geology of portions of Nevada, Utah ... in Report upon geo- 
graphical and geological explorations and surveys west of the one hundredth meridian 
(Wheeler's Survey) : Vol. Ill, Geology. Washington, 1875. 
A. GoLUBEF. Brief sketch of the results of the Issik-kul e-xpedition (translation). Journ. Roy. 
Geogr. Soc, xxxi, 1861, 366-370. The same in German in ErmaJi's .\rchiv., xx, i860, 20-37. 
A. M. KoxsHiN. (Preliminary report on the results of geological and physiographic investigations 
in the Turkomanian depression: in Russian). Isvestia Imp. Russ. Geogr. Soc, xxii, 1886, 
379-439. 
(Konschin). Gcologischer Ueberblick Transkaspiens. Pet. Mitt., xxxiii, 1887, 226-244. 
(The ancient course of the Amu darya: in Russian). Sapiski Caucas. Division, Imp. Russ. 
Geogr. Soc, xv, 1893, 1-21. Abstract in Ann. de Geogr. v, 1896, 496-504. 
(The ancient course of the Amu darya: in Russian). Sapiski Imp. Russ. Geogr. Soc, xxxiii, 
1897, 1-256. 
P. Lessar. L'ancienne jonction de I'Oxus avec la mar caspienne. C. R. Congr. internat. geogr., 
Paris, i, 1889, 706-727. 
I. V. MusHKETOF. (Turkestan : geologic and orographic description from data gathered during 
journeys in the years 1874-1880: in Russian). Vol. I, St. Petersburg, 1886. 
(Muschketof). Das Erdbeben von Wernoje vom 28 Mai, 1887. Mem. Com. Geol. St. Pet., x, 
1890, 141-154- 
(Short sketch of the geological formation of the Transcaspian region: in Russian). Proc 
Imp. Russ. Min. Soc, 2 sen, xxviii, 1891, 391-429, map. 
• (Physical Geology: in Russian). Vol. I, St. Petersburg, 2d ed., 1899. 
M. Neumayr. Die Aralo-Kaspi Niederung. Verhandl. k. k. Reichsanst., 1875, 31-33. 
V. A. Obruchef. (The sands and steppes of the Transcaspian region: in Russian). Isvestia Imp. 
Russ. Geogr. Soc, xxiii, 1887, 174-190. 
(The trans-Caspian depression : Geologic and orographic sketch from data collected during 
an excursion in i886-'87-'88 : in Russian.) Sapiski Imp. Russ. Geogr. Soc, xx, 1890, 1-260. 
