15^ 
EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN. 
where a Russian station-house stands on the terrace sunnounting it. The side rivulets 
pass, on their way to the tnmk stream, through deep gullies with a sharp double 
change of slope in their cross-sections, as though there had been an increased rate 
of cutting down (fig. ii6). They are cut in partially cemented conglomerate, inter- 
bedded with fine material. The station-house ter- 
race extends down the valley parallel with higher 
terraces, all of which are cut in apparently hori- 
zontally bedded conglomerate. 
As this conglomerate was followed down the 
valley, it was found that a larger and larger pro- 
portion of it assumed the fonns of partings of 
-Section to show double change of g^avel, filled between with fine pulverous material 
slope in Langar Gullies. resembling locss. Througliout the lower portion 
of the valley the stream resembles the Taldic darva in that it is largely split into sepa- 
rate channels rejoining each other on the irregular flood plain of gravel. There 
were occasional higher island portions between these channels, which were coated 
with loess, sometimes pure with \-ertical cleavage, sometimes interbedded with part- 
ings of gravel, and grown over with grass. 
About 20 versts from Langar the valley opens out on to the lowland plains. 
On the way to this point, the terraces seen in the upper portion of the valley had 
successively disappeared under the flood plain, while here tlie conglomerates formed 
Fig. 1 16.- 
Fig. 1 17. — Section en route, 20 versts north of Langar. looking 15' south of west. 
the later waste. 
The tilted waste inclines under 
a low, broad .slope inclining gently to the north and sinking under the loess of the 
lowland plains along a well-defined line, running about 15° south of west. The slope 
itself was cut by shallow valleys pitching directly with its inclination, running par- 
allel with each other, and with their lower portions apparently submerged in the 
waste they had spread on the plains. Looking south toward the mountains, we 
could see that the conglomerate slope extended back on to the flat, inclining surfaces 
surmounting pyramidal masses dissected from it, and still farther back, over the 
sharp tops of higher hills (fig. 117). 
