116 
MUSCULAR WORK 
Table 112. — Metabolism in experiments without food with subject lying on couch compared 
with metabolism in experiments with subject sitting inactive on ergometer. (Average results.) 
Carbon dioxide 
minute. 
per 
Oxygen per minute. 
Pulse-rate per 
minute. 
Respira- 
tion-rate 
per minute. 
Subject and date. 
Incrf>n.sp 
Inc rpnsw 
Increase 
Ly- 
Sit- 
over 
lying. 
Ly- 
Sit- 
over 
lying. 
Ly- 
Sit- 
over lying. 
ing. 
ting. 
ing. 
ting. 
ing. 
ting. 
Ly- 
Sit- 
Amt. 
P. ct. 
Amt. 
P. ct. 
Amt. 
P. ct. 
ing. 
ting. 
Ergometer I. 
c.c. 
c.c. 
c.c. 
c.c. 
c.c. 
c.c. 
J. E. F.: 
Nov. 27, 1911.. 
2\1 
233 
22 
10.4 
234 
292 
58 
24.8 
59 
78 
19 
32 
9 
10 
E. P. C: 
— 
Nov. 29, 1911.. 
165 
185 
20 
12.1 
220 
238 
18 
8.2 
47 
13 
K. H. A.: 
Dec. 1, 1911... 
202 
211 
9 
4.5 
241 
263 
22 
9.1 
57 
60 
3 
5 
13 
13 
M. A. M.: 
Dec. 7, 19112. 
225 
239 
14 
6.2 
262 
299 
37 
14.1 
74 
85 
11 
15 
18 
12 
Dec. 8, 1911.. 
205 
236 
31 
15.1 
3 247 
304 
57 
23.1 
66 
89 
23 
35 
20 
21 
Dec. 11, 1911. . 
195 
<229 
34 
<17.4 
238 
«267 
29 
♦12.2 
60 
«84 
24 
*40 
21 
4 24 
Dec. 12, 1911. . 
198 
215 
17 
8.6 
"230 
244 
14 
6.1 
60 
70 
10 
17 
22 
22 
Ergometer II. 
M. A. M.: 
Jan. 23, 1912... 
210 
272 
62 
29.5 
247 
324 
77 
31.2 
67 
82 
15 
22 
21 
23 
Mar. 11, 1912.. 
215 
282 
67 
31.2 
247 
386 
139 
56.3 
60 
83 
23 
38 
21 
20 
1 Average pulse-rate for first two periods. 
2 Aside from a preliminary experiment on Dec. 6, this was the first experiment with this subject. 
3 In averaging, the oxygen consumption during the first two periods was omitted. 
4 Sitting periods were run before lying periods on this day. 
6 In averaging, the oxygen consumption during the first period has been omitted. 
It is important to note here that the increased oxygen consumption 
incidental to sitting was accompanied by an increased pulse-rate. The 
increments in these two factors, it is true, were not invariably parallel, 
especially in the experiment with M. A. M. on December 11, in which the 
oxygen increment was but 12.2 per cent, while the increase in the pulse-rate 
was 40 per cent. Generally, however, the increment in the pulse-rate was 
roughly proportional to the increased oxygen consumption. The respiration- 
rate, on the other hand, was not materially altered by changing from a lying 
to a sitting position. The record obtained on December 7 with M. A. M. is 
worthy of especial note; the low value for this subject of 12 respirations per 
minute, while sitting, is unquestionably due to an altered type of respiration, 
since the average value for a large number of experiments made with this 
subject throughout the experimental year was 20 respirations per minute. 
It should be said, however, that this was one of the earlier experiments; the 
subject was therefore unused to the apparatus and the routine, and con- 
sequently somewhat apprehensive. In general it may be inferred that there 
are practically no alterations in the respiration-rate due to changing from 
lying on a couch to the position of sitting on a bicycle seat. 
Our attention was chiefly given to the subject M. A. M., and his personal 
observations on these tests are of unusual interest. This subject invariably 
complained that the experiments were long and tedious and that he found 
it irksome to sit still for so long a period. Although he was allowed to select 
the form of bicycle seat he preferred, as well as to adjust the angle, height, 
and position of both seat and handle bars, and every effort was made to secure 
for him the most comfortable position, yet reference to the protocols of the 
experiments shows that apparently sitting quietly on the ergometer was for 
him a great strain. As any position he might assume on the ergometer ul- 
