130 
MUSCULAR WORK 
Table 119. — Continued. 
[Basal values obtained in no-load experiments, without motor.] 
Oxygen intake per 
minute. 
Heat output per minute. 
(0 
Revolu- 
(ff) 
Heat 
(ft) 
Effi- 
(e) 
Increase 
Date. 
Current. 
(a) 
(.b) 
(c) 
(d) 
tions 
per 
equivalent 
of external 
ciency 
g X 100 
Work. 
No load 
Work. 
No load 
over no 
load 
without 
motor. 
minute. 
work per 
e 
without 
motor. 
without 
motor. 
minute. 
c-d 
1912. 
amp. 
c.c. 
c.c. 
cals. 
cals. 
cals. 
cals. 
p. ct. 
Feb. 29 
1.5 
2,248 
963 
11.13 
4.61 
6.52 
102 
2.11 
32.4 
2,192 
963 
11.03 
4.61 
6.42 
102 
2.12 
33.0 
28 
1.5 
2,101 
904 
10.49 
4.34 
6.15 
97 
2.04 
33.2 
2,144 
963 
10.82 
4.61 
6.21 
100 
2.07 
33.3 
Mar. 4 
1.5 
2,290 
963 
11.33 
4.61 
6.72 
104 
2.15 
32.0 
2,375 
963 
11.72 
4.61 
7.11 
103 
2.12 
29.8 
8 
1.5 
2,339 
963 
11.43 
4.61 
6.82 
99 
2.07 
30.4 
2,282 
963 
11.21 
4.61 
6.60 
99 
2.07 
31.4 
11 
1.5 
2,299 
963 
11.29 
4.61 
6.68 
102 
2.12 
31.7 
2,220 
963 
L0.98 
4.61 
6.37 
101 
2.09 
32.8 
15 
1.5 
1,967 
817 
9.66 
3.89 
5.77 
91 
1.96 
34.0 
1,946 
817 
9.58 
3.89 
5.69 
91 
1.96 
34.4 
1,969 
817 
9.65 
3.89 
5.76 
92 
1.97 
34.2 
1,948 
817 
9.54 
3.89 
5.65 
90 
1.94 
34.3 
2,003 
817 
10.01 
3.89 
6.12 
89 
1.92 
31.4 
1,899 
744 
9.28 
3.59 
5.69 
78 
1.73 
30.4 
18 
1.5 
2,315 
963 
11.35 
4.61 
6.74 
102 
2.12 
31.5 
2,320 
963 
11.39 
4.61 
6.78 
102 
2.11 
31.1 
19 
1.5 
2,263 
963 
11.15 
4.61 
6.54 
102 
2.11 
32.3 
2,346 
963 
11.55 
4.61 
6.94 
103 
2.12 
30.6 
2,146 
904 
10.48 
4.34 
6.14 
96 
2.03 
33.1 
25 
1.5 
2,288 
963 
11.24 
4.61 
6.63 
98 
2.05 
30.9 
26 
1.5 
2,206 
963 
10.91 
4.61 
6.30 
98 
2.07 
32.9 
2,368 
963 
11.74 
4.61 
7.13 
101 
2.09 
29.3 
27 
1.5 
2,258 
963 
11.26 
4.61 
6.65 
102 
2.10 
31.6 
2,327 
963 
11.63 
4.61 
7.02 
103 
2.12 
30.2 
2,333 
904 
11.43 
4.34 
7.09 
95 
2.02 
28.5 
28 
1.5 
1,861 
744 
8.94 
3.59 
5.35 
80 
1.75 
32.7 
2,110 
817 
10.26 
3.89 
6.37 
92 
1.96 
30.8 
1,909 
744 
9.31 
3.59 
5.72 
84 
1.83 
32.0 
29 
1.5 
2,378 
963 
11.65 
4.61 
7.04 
100 
2.09 
29.7 
2,227 
904 
10.89 
4.34 
6.55 
95 
2.01 
30.7 
to make the best selection of no-load experiments for comparison. While, 
therefore, it is necessary to disregard the individual periods, a general de- 
duction can be made from the results as a whole that the percentage effi- 
ciency as computed on this basis gradually increases with the load, the aver- 
age efficiency for the whole table being not far from 30 per cent. Disregarding 
individual periods with extraordinarily high values, the maximum efficiency 
was approximately 33 per cent. These values are unquestionably higher than 
they would have been had the subject been able to relax the muscles com- 
pletely in the no-load periods. They should accordingly be taken with 
considerable reserve. 
Efficiency in Work Experiments Based on Values Obtained in No-load Ex- 
periments with a Motor-driven Ergometer. 
It would appear at first sight as if the energy required by the subject 
to drive a machine without resistance would be a suitable base-line to use in 
finding the increase in metabolism and measuring the efficiency of the subject 
when riding with load. If it were possible for the subject to rotate the pedals 
evenly and without undue strain this would be true, but unfortunately the 
subject M. A. M. found it extraordinarily difficult to ride without load, and 
complained continually of his inability to maintain an even pace, our obser- 
