XXlil 
CLASSIFICATION OF THE NATURAL ORDERS ACCORDING TO THE 
SYSTEM ADOPTED IN THE PRESENT WORK.* 
Crass L DICOTYLEDONS. 
Stem, when perennial, consisting of a pith 
in the centre, of one or more concentric circles 
of woody tissue, and of the bark on the outside. 
Embryo with 2 cotyledons (rarely 0), the young 
stem in germination proceeding from between 
the 2 lobes of the embryo, or from a notch at 
its summit. 
Suppiyision I. ANGIOSPERMZ, Obules 
enclosed in an ovary, and the seeds in a seed- 
vessel. 
Susnctass l. POLYPETALZA., 
Petals several, distinct, sometimes 0, rarely united. 
Series I. THALAMIFPLORAS. Torus small 
or elongated, rarely expanded in a disk, Ovary 
superior. Stamens definite or more frequently 
indefinite. 
I, Ranunculacez. Herbs with radical or al- 
ternate leaves, or climbers with opposite leaves. 
Stipules 0. Sepals usually coloured and decidu- 
ous. Petalsin 1 series or 0. Stamens oo. Aril- 
lus O. (7p. 3.) 
IJ. Dilleniacez. Trees shrubs or under- 
shrubs, with alternate leaves. Stipule 0. Sepals 
usually herbaceous and persistent. Petals in 1 
series. Stamens usually 00. Seeds with an arillus 
or strophiola. (p. 3.) 
Ill. Anonacez. Shrubs trees or woody 
climbers, with alternate leaves. Stipules 0. Se- 
pals 8. Petals in 2 series of 3 each (rarely com- 
bined ina mass). Petals smaller than the inner 
sepals or 0. Stamens definite, opposite the petals. 
Carpels 6 or fewer. (p. 4.) 
IV. Cruciferz. Herbs with alternate leaves, 
Stipules 0, Sepals 4. Petals 4, Stamens 6, te- 
tradynamous, or rarely 4 or oo, Placontas 2, con- 
nected by a false dissepiment. Albumen 0. Em. 
bryo curved. (p. 5.) 
V. Capparideze. Herbs shrubs or trees. 
Stipules often prickly. Sepals 4 (2 outer ones 
sometimes united). Petals 4 (rarely more, or 0 or 
united). Stamens 09, or, if few, not tetradynamous. 
Placentas 2 or 0. Albumen 0, Embryo curved. 
Ds) — 
VI. Violacez. Herbs or shrubs. Stipules 
herbaceous or small. Sepals 5, Petals 5 (often 
irregular). Anthers 5, on short filaments, conni- 
vent or connected in a ring round the pistil, Pla- 
centas usually 38. Albumen fleshy. Embryo ra- 
ther large. (p. 6.) 
VI, Bixinez. Trees or shrubs. Stipules 0. 
Sepals 5 or fewer, Petals various, often 0. Sta- 
mens oo. Placentas 2, 8, or more, Albumen 
fleshy. Embryo rather large. (p. 7.) 
VII. Pittosporez. Trees shrubs and under- 
shrubs, or twiners with alternate leaves. Stipule 
0. lowers regular or oblique. Stamens as many 
as petals. Embryo minute. (p. 7.) 
IX. Portulacez. Herbs often succulent, with 
alternate or opposite leaves. Stipules scarions or 
changed into hair. Sepals 2. Petals more nume- 
rous than the sepals, Stamens oo or rarely definite. 
Placentas central. (p. 8.) 
X. Elatinez. Herbs or undershrubs, with 
small opposite leaves. Stipules small. Flowers 
hermaphrodite. Stamens definite. (p. 10.) 
XI, Guttiferz. Trees or shrubs, with oppo- 
site leaves. Stipules Or Flowers polygamous or 
l-sexual. Stamens co. (p, 10). 
XII. Ternstreemiacez. Trees or shrubs, 
with alternate leaves, Stipules 0. Flowers her- 
maphrodite. Stamens oo or very rarely definite. 
(p. 13, et Suppl. p. 425). 
XIU. Malvacez. Herbs shrubs or trees, 
with alternate leaves. Stipules usually persistent. 
Stamens monadelphous. Aunthers 1-celled. (p. 15 
et Suppl.) | 
XIV. Sterculiacez, Herbs shrubs or trees, 
with alternate leaves. Stipules usually present. 
Stamens monadelphous, or, if free, definite and 
altering with petals. Amnthers 2-celled. (p. 23.) 
XY. Tiliacez. Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, 
with alternate leaves. Stipules usually present. 
Stamens oo, free, or scarcely united at the base. 
Anthers 2-celled. (p. 26.) 
* In drawing up this Key I have freely availed myself of the writings of Endlicher, Lindley, Bentham, 
and J. D. Hooker. 
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