64. 
65. 
66. 
67. 
Busack, S. D., and R. B. Bury. 1974. 
Some effects of off-road vehicles and 
sheep grazing on lizard populations in 
the Mojave Desert. Biol. Conserv. 6: 
179-183. 
The effects of 2 environmentally dis- 
ruptive activities were determined 
using numbers and biomass of lizards. 
Vehicle use in the desert eliminates 
vegetation and adversely affects liz-~ 
ard populations. 
OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, DESERTS, REPTILES 
Busnel, R. G. 1978. Effects of noise 
on wildlife: Introduction. Pages 7- 
22 in J. L. Fletcher and R. G. Busnel, 
eds. Effects of noise on wildlife. 
Academic Press, New York, N.Y. 
This introductory article reviews some 
aspects of animal behavior associated 
with noise, citing examples from sci- 
entific literature and anecdotal ob- 
servations. Theoretical approaches 
and aspects of policy relating to 
noise effects and the conservation of 
wildlife are discussed. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), HARASSMENT, WILD- 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE (GENERAL) 
Butcher, D. 1972. Snowmobiles and the 
National Parks. Am. For. 78(4): 28-31, 
46-49. 
The author cites Congressional testi- 
mony, popular literature, and personal 
experiences to document environmental 
impacts of snowmobiles, including ef- 
fects on wildlife. Habitat destruc- 
tion and deliberate harassment of ani- 
mals are noted. The author calls for 
the prohibition of snowmobiles and 
other off-road vehicles in National 
Parks to protect the environment and 
ensure the satisfaction of other park 
visitors. 
HARASSMENT, OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, TOURISM, 
FORESTS, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL PARKS, WILDLIFE (GENERAL), COYOTE 
Call, M. W. 1979. Habitat management 
guides for birds of prey. U. S. Bur. 
Land Manage. Tech. Note 338. /0 pp. 
Habitat management considerations for 
birds of prey on public lands are re- 
viewed. Human activities that should 
15 
68. 
69. 
70. 
be controlled in nesting and roosting 
areas include recreational activities; 
many areas preferred by humans for 
recreation are important raptor nest- 
ing sites as well. Management consid0 
erations include siting recreational 
developments away from important rap- 
tor habitats, and restricting human 
activities during the breeding season. 
CAMPING, HIKING, OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, 
TOURISM, RESEARCH IMPACTS, DESERTS, FOR- 
ESTS, RIVERS, RANGELAND, REVIEW, THREAT- 
ENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, U.S. BLM LANDS, RAPTORS 
Caras, R. 1969. In defense of the 
grizzly. Audubon 71(3):52-55. 
This nontechnical article critically 
examines another article calling for 
the removal of grizzly bears from Na- 
tional Parks. Statistics on bear-in- 
flicted visitor injuries are related 
to the large number of people who an- 
nually visit National Parks, and com- 
pared to the number of visitors in- 
jured and killed in other ways. It 1s 
concluded that the hazards faced by 
visitors from bears are slight, and do 
not justify elimination of bears from 
parks. 
TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FORESTS, HU- 
MAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND 
ENDANGERED SPECIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, 
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Carbyn, L. N. 1974. Wolf population 
fluctuations in Jasper National Park, 
Alberta, Canada. Biol. Conserv. 6:94- 
101. 
While there is little evidence to sug-~ 
gest that human visitation of Jasper 
National Park has reduced wolf popula- 
tions, incidents of disturbance have 
been noted including interference at 
den sites containing pups, impact of 
highway and trail construction on den- 
ning sites, and wolves killed on high- 
ways by vehicles. 
HIKING, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FOR- 
ESTS, CANADIAN NATIONAL PARKS, THREAT- 
ENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, GRAY WOLF 
Cardiff, S. W. 1978. Status of the elf 
owl in California. Calif. Dept. Fish 
Game Project W-054-R-10/WPO3/JO1. 16 
pp. (MIN 047980108). 

