121. 
122. 
123. 
Goals are identified for 
knowledge of seabird populations to 
facilitate conservation efforts, in- 
cluding aspects of human-seabird in- 
teractions. 
improving 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), HARASSMENT, OFF- 
ROAD VEHICLES, COASTAL ZONES, REVIEW, 
PREDATION, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, SEABIRDS 
Duffy, C., and L. N. Ellison. 1979. 
Human disturbance and breeding birds. 
Auk 96:815-817. 
Duffy questions the conclusions of 
previous investigators studying im- 
pacts of disturbance of breeding dou- 
ble-crested cormorants, and discusses 
methodological difficulties of studies 
of reproductive success relative to 
investigator disturbance; Ellison re- 
plies. 
RESEARCH IMPACTS, COASTAL ZONES, PREDA- 
TION, DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT, SEABIRDS 
Duffy, D. C. 1978. Terns and skimmers 
in Connecticut and eastern Long Is- 
land, N.Y., 1972-76. Ibis 120:131. 
(Abstract only). 
The status of common terns, roseate 
terns, least terns, and black skimmers 
in Connecticut and New York is review- 
ed, Recent censuses indicate that 
roseate terns are decreasing, while 
the other bird populations are stable. 
The least tern is most vulnerable to 
human disturbance since many of its 
colonies are located close to bathing 
beaches or other recreational areas. 
Many black skimmers also nest in areas 
susceptible to flooding and human dis- 
turbance. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), SWIMMING, COASTAL 
ZONES, URBAN ZONES, LEAST TERN, ROSEATE 
TERN, COMMON TERN, BLACK SKIMMER 
Dunaway, D. J. 1970. Status of bighorn 
sheep populations and habitat. studies 
on the Inyo National Forest. Trans. 
Desert Bighorn Counc. 14:127-146. 
Included in this report of ecological 
studies of bighorn sheep in California 
are observations concerning possible 
impacts of recreation activities on 
sheep. Recreational use in sheep hab- 
itats has coincided with sheep popula- 
tion declines in some cases. 
25 
124, 
125. 
126. 
127. 
CAMPING, CLIMBING, HIKING, FORESTS, TUN- 
DRA, U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN 
SHEEP 
Dunaway, D. J. L971. Bighorn sheep 
habitat management on the Inyo Nation- 
al Forest, a new approach. Trans. 
Desert Bighorn Counc. 15: 18-23. 
A major factor in the decline of big- 
horn sheep populations in California 
appears to be excessive human use of 
sheep ranges. A zoological area is 
proposed to include two large bighorn 
sheep ranges; management objectives 
are to protect and maintain habitat 
and limit human use. 
CAMPING, HIKING, FORESTS, TUNDRA, RECRE- 
ATION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT , 
U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN SHEEP 
Dunaway, D. J. 1971. Human disturbance 
as a limiting factor of Sierra Nevada 
bighorn§ sheep. Trans. N. Am. Wild 
Sheep Conf. 1: 165-173. 
Disturbance caused by human recreation 
is suggested as a factor limiting pop- 
ulations of bighorn sheep in Califor- 
nia. Three populations that have de- 
clined were in areas of increased rec 
reational use; two other stable popu- 
lations have suffered less disturbance 
by recreationists. 
CAMPING, CLIMBING, HIKING, FORESTS, 
TUNDRA, U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN 
SHEEP 
Dunford, R. D. 1971. Summer behavior 
of American woodcock in central Maine. 
M.S. Thesis. University of Maine, 
Orono. 100 pp. 
During studies of woodcock, several 
birds captured and radio-tagged failed 
to return to the field where they were 
originally captured. Human distur- 
bance may have affected the pattern of 
use of diurnal and nocturnal sites. 
RESEARCH 
WOODCOCK 
IMPACTS, FORESTS, AMERICAN 
Dunstan, 7. C€. 1968. Breeding success 
of osprey in Minnesota from 1963 to 
1968. Loon 40:109-112. 
The author reports results of his own 
studies plus observations gathered 
