146. 
147, 
148. 
At Parker Canyon Lake, Arizona, re- 
striction in public use caused duck 
use of the lake to be 2.65 times high- 
er than when public use was uncontrol- 
led. 
BOATING, 
WATERFOWL 
LAKES, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, 
Florschuts, O., and N. F. Williamson. 
1978. Public and wildlife use on 
beaches of Pea Island National Wild- 
life Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service, Washington, D.C. 29 pp. 
Shorebird populations and public use 
counts were compared between a Pea Is- 
land Refuge beach, open to off-road 
vehicles, and Cape Hatteras National 
Seashore, closed to vehicle use. 
Shorebirds were twice as numerous and 
bird species richness was higher on 
the Cape Hatteras beach. 
OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, TOURISM, COASTAL 
ZONES, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL PARKS, U.S. NATIONAL WILDLIFE 
REFUGES, WATERBIRDS 
Foin, T. C. 1977. 
National Park: 
looking forward. 
Foin, Jr., ed. 
Research in Yosemite 
Part retrospect, part 
Pages 63-67 inT. C. 
Visitor impacts on Na- 
tional Parks: The Yosemite ecological 
impact study. University of Califor- 
nia, Davis, Inst. Ecol. Publ. 10. 
In a review of recent studies of visi- 
tor use impacts in Yosemite National 
Park, difficulties of generating use- 
ful general theories concerning envi- 
ronmental impacts of recreation are 
discussed. The dual mission of na- 
tional parks is described and related 
to research activities. Recommenda- 
tions are made to strengthen research 
in the parks through the establishment 
of dependable funding channels and the 
Clear delineation of research objec- 
tives. 
CAMPING, HIKING, TOURISM, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, MAM- 
MALS, BIRDS 
Foin, T. C., E. 0. Garton, C. W. Bowen, 
J. M. Everingham, R. 0. Schultz, and 
B. Holton, Jr. 1977. Quantitative 
Studies of visitor impacts on environ- 
ments of Yosemite National Park, Cali- 
29 
149. 
150. 
Ld 
fornia, and their implications for 
park management policy. J. Environ. 
Manage. 5:1-22. 
Several sites were compared using mea- 
sures of visitor use, vegetation 
structure, and animal populations jin 
order to assess the relative impact of 
visitor use on meadow and forest envi- 
ronments. Indirect effects of visitor 
use on wildlife were deemed most jm- 
portant, but also most difficult to 
detect. 
CAMPING, HIKING, FORESTS, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, BIRDS, 
MAMMALS 
Freddy, D. J. 1977. Deer-elk investi- 
gations: Snowmobile harassment of 
mule deer on cold winter ranges. 
Colo. Div. Wildl. Project W-038-R-32/ 
WP14/J11. 15 pp. (MIN 057780129). 
Two semi-tame telemetered mule deer 
were experimentally harassed by one 
person, two persons, person plus a 
dog, and a snowmobile at various dis- 
tances. Deer reactions to harassment 
were noted. Heart rate measured by 
telemetry was found to be a sensitive 
measure of disturbance. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), OFF-ROAD VEHI- 
CLES, HARASSMENT, FORESTS, WILDLIFE MAN- 
AGEMENT, MULE DEER 
French, J. M. WF 2: Distribution, 
abundance, and breeding status of os- 
preys in northwestern California. M. 
S. Thesis. Humboldt State University, 
Arcata, Calif. 58 pp. 
Factors influencing breeding success, 
abundance, and distribution of ospreys 
were studied in northwestern Califor- 
nia. Logging, vehicular’ traffic, 
shooting, and recreational activity 
were considered potentially disturbing 
to nesting ospreys. There was no in- 
dication that recreation activities, 
including sightseeing, camping, and 
swimming, were detrimental to breeding 
success of ospreys. 
CAMPING, SWIMMING, TOURISM, COASTAL 
ZONES, FORESTS, RIVERS, WILDLIFE MANAGE- 
MENT, OSPREY 
French, J. M., and J. 
Distribution, abundance, 
R. Koplin. 1977. 
and breeding 
