158. 
159, 
CAMPING, 
FORESTS, 
MENT, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, MAMMALS, DEER 
MOUSE, MONTANE VOLE 
Garton, E. O., B. 
CAMPING, 
MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, BIRDS 
Gavrin, V. F. 
on small mammal communities of Yosemi- 
te National Park. Pages 44-50 in T. 
C. Foin, Jr., ed. Visitor impacts on 
National Parks: The Yosemite ecologi- 
cal impact study. Univ. California, 
Davis, Inst. Ecol. Publ. 10. 
Visitor use of meadow and forest sites 
in Yosemite National Park was related 
to the distribution and abundance of 
small mammals. Deer mouse populations 
apparently increase in response to hu- 
man use of forested areas, while mon- 
tane vole pouplations showed no rela- 
tionship to human use except for gross 
habitat alterations such as meadow 
draining. Data for other small mam- 
mals were insufficient to determine 
relationships with human use. 
HIKING, 
WETLANDS , 
PICNICKING, TOURISM, 
RECREATION MANAGE- 
Hall, and T. C. Foin. 
1977. The impact of a campground on 
the bird community of a lodgepole pine 
forest. Pages 37-43 in T. C. Foin, 
Jr., ed. Visitor impacts on National 
Parks: The Yosemite ecological impact 
study. Univ. California, Davis, Inst. 
Ecol. Publ. 10. 
Bird communities of a forest camp- 
ground and a similar forest area re- 
ceiving light use were compared as a 
part of visitor impact studies in 
Yosemite National Park, California. 
Higher bird species diversity was ob- 
served in the campground and attribut- 
ed to vegetation changes induced pri- 
marily by campers' activities. Bird 
species intolerant of human activity 
are probably driven from the developed 
recreational areas. 
TOURISM, 
FORESTS, RECREATION 
1974. Effect of anxiety 
factor on game fowl population produc- 
tivity. Pages 401-403 in I. Kjerner 
and P. Bjurholm, eds. Proceedings, 
XIth International Congress of Game 
Biologists, 3-7 September 1973, Stock- 
holm, Sweden. National Swedish Envi- 
ronmental Protection Board, Stockholm. 
Effects of stress on waterfowl and 
grouse was studied in the USSR. Rec- 
reational activities in bird habitats 
3] 
160. 
161. 
162. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), 
Geist, V. 
Geist, V. 
disturb daily activity patterns and 
alter the behavior of birds. Distur- 
bance causes additional predation 
pressures and losses of young to star- 
vation; disrupted timing of breeding 
lowers female fertility and increases 
the number of inferior birds in the 
population, 
LAKES, RIVERS, 
WETLANDS, PREDATION, RECREATION MANAGE- 
MENT 
Geist, V. 1963. On the behavior of the 
North American moose (Alces alces an- 
dersoni, Peterson 1950) in British Co- 
lumbia. Behaviour 20:3/7/-416. 

Moose behavior is described based on 
observations from two summers and one 
winter in Wells Gray Provincial Park, 
British Columbia. Reactions of moose 
to human disturbance and stimuli to 
moose flight are described. Such 
stimuli seemed to be variable, depend- 
ing to some extent on the animal in- 
volved. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), FORESTS, CANADIAN 
PROVINCIAL PARKS, MOOSE 
1971. A behavioral approach 
to the management of wild ungulates. 
Pages 413-424 in E. Duffey and A. S. 
Watt, eds. The scientific management 
of animal and plant communities for 
conservation. Blackwell Scientific 
Publications, Oxford. 
The role of animal behavior in ungu- 
late management and conservation is 
described. Behavioral knowledge of 
ungulates can be used in management 
through the learning ability of ungu- 
Jates, social and ecological adapta- 
tions of animals, and knowledge of the 
effects of human disturbance on ungu- 
late behavior. Much remains to be 
learned about ungulate behavioral re- 
sponses to hunting, tourism, harass- 
ment, and other disturbances. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), HARASSMENT, TOUR- 
ISM, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, UNGULATES 
1971. 
Wildl. Soc. 
Bighorn sheep biology. 
News 136:61. 
In a letter to the editor, the author 
explains physiological and energetic 
concerns related to increased activity 
