181. 
182. 
M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univer- 
sity, Fort Collins. 190 pp. 
During studies of bighorn sheep in 
Rocky Mountain National Park, Colora- 
do, sheep interactions with people 
were noted. In areas where sheep were 
accustomed to seeing people, they tol- 
erated people if approached gradually 
and not too closely; however, on sev- 
eral occasions sheep were driven from 
feeding areas or mineral licks by vis- 
itors. Sheep in backcountry areas 
were more wary. 
HIKING, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FOR- 
ESTS, TUNDRA, FLIGHT DISTANCE, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL PARKS, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, 
BIGHORN SHEEP 
Gosnell, M. 1977. When you consider 
how benign bats really are, they de- 
serve a much better’ fate. Natl. 
Wildl. 15(€4): 32-33. 
This nontechnical article describes 
the plight of two North American en- 
dangered bats: The Indiana bat and 
the gray bat. Gray bats are extremely 
sensitive to human disturbance, espe- 
cially when hibernating. While less 
sensitive to disturbance, the Indiana 
bat is also severely threatened by in- 
advertent and deliberate harassment of 
hibernating colonies. Much of the de- 
Cline of these bat species can be pre- 
vented through management and public 
education. 
HARASSMENT, SPELUNKING, TOURISM, FOR- 
ESTS, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATEN- 
ED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, INDIANA BAT, GRAY BAT 
Gottfried, B. M., and C. F. Thompson. 
1978. Experimental analysis of nest 
predation in an old-field habitat. 
Auk 95: 304-312. 
Experimental nests containing Japanese 
quail eggs were studied in an old- 
field habitat in Ohio to determine the 
effects of human visits and other fac- 
tors on nest predation. Daily visits 
did not affect the likelihood that 
predators would discover nests, indi- 
cating that visits to nests by inves- 
tigators do not appear to affect nest 
success. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), RESEARCH IMPACTS, 
RANGELAND, PREDATION, JAPANESE QUAIL 
183. 
184. 
185. 
Grace, E. S. 1976. Interactions be- 
tween men and wolves at an arctic out- 
post on Ellesmere Island. Can. Field- 
Nat. 90:149-156. 
In 1973 and 1974 the behavior of 
wolves in the vicinity of an arctic 
weather station in Canada was record- 
ed, to determine wolf use of and re- 
sponse to human settlement. Wolves 
generally avoided humans and dogs and 
no evidence of wolf hostility toward 
humans was observed. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), TUNDRA, HUMAN 
HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, GRAY WOLF 
Graham, H. 1966. Multiple use coordi- 
nation on the San Gorgonio Bighorn 
Unit. Trans. Desert Bighorn Counc. 
10:71-77. 
Multiple use management of a Califor- 
nia national forest area containing 
bighorn sheep is discussed. The au- 
thor explains the rationale and meth- 
odology of multiple use, and describes 
various land uses and their coordina- 
tion with bighorn management. Propos- 
als for massive recreational develop- 
ments have been rejected because of 
perceived incompatibility with preser- 
vation of key bighorn habitats. 
CAMPING, HIKING, PICNICKING, TOURISM, 
WILDLIFE VIEWING, FORESTS, RANGELAND, 
RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE MANAGE- 
MENT, U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN 
SHEEP 
Graham, H. 1971. Environmental analy- 
sis procedures for bighorn in the San 
Gabriel Mountains. Trans. Desert Big- 
horn Counc. 15: 38-45. 
Graphic analysis was used to evaluate 
bighorn habitat in California. Human 
use impacts were portrayed on overlays 
and compared to bighorn distributions 
and other habitat characteristics. 
Human recreational use has caused 
sheep to avoid certain areas. Light 
use has little effect on sheep distri- 
butions, but heavier use (500-900 vis- 
itor-days per summer season) causes 
bighorn to move from their historic 
range. 
CAMPING, HIKING, SKIING, FORESTS, RANGE- 
LAND, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN SHEEP 
