1st. 
198. 
199. 
greater percentage of common and wide- 
spread species, whereas several rare 
forest species were absent. 
CAMPING, FORESTS, RECREATION MANAGEMENT , 
U.S. STATE PARKS AND LANDS, BIRDS 
Guth, R. W. 1979. The junk food guild: 
Birds and mammals on picnic grounds 
and in residential areas. I11. Audu- 
bon Bull. 189:3-7. 
Birds and mammals of the junk food 
guild benefit from human recreation by 
finding scraps of food in picnic 
grounds of parks and forest preserves. 
Experiments in urban areas near Chica- 
go, Illinois, revealed aspects of for- 
aging behavior and food selection by 
residential area birds. 
PICNICKING, URBAN ZONES, MAMMALS, BIRDS 
Haber, G. C. 1973. Eight years of wolf 
research at McKinley Park. Alaska 39 
(4):7-9, 52-54, 56-57; 39(5):43-45, 
50, 53-56. 
These popular articles summarize re- 
search results and observations con- 
cerning wolves in Mount McKinley Na- 
tional Park, Alaska. Wolf social sys~ 
tems, behavior, and relationships to 
prey species and humans are discussed. 
TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, TUNDRA, 
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, U.S. 
NATIONAL PARKS, GRAY WOLF 
Hamer, J. D. W. 1974. Distribution, 
abundance, and management implications 
of the grizzly bear and mountain cari- 
bou in the Mountain Creek watershed of 
Glacier National Park, British Colum- 
bia. M.S. Thesis. University of Cal- 
gary, Alberta. 164 pp. 
Distribution and abundance of grizzly 
bears and caribou were studied in a 
remote and seldom-visited area of Gla- 
cier National Park, British Columbia. 
Since both species are wide-ranging 
and sensitive to human disturbance, 
their use as wilderness indicator spe- 
cies is recommended. Sensitivities of 
the species to human visitation are 
not specifically known, however, and 
recreational carrying capacities in 
wilderness should be calculated. 
38 
200. 
201. 
202. 
203. 
CAMPING, HIKING, TOURISM, FORESTS, TUN- 
DRA, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATENED 
AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, RECREATION MAN- 
AGEMENT, CANADIAN NATIONAL PARKS, GRIZ- 
ZLY BEAR, CARIBOU 
Hamerstrom, F. 1970. Think with a good 
nose near a nest. Raptor Res. News 
4:79-80. 
The author suggests the possibility 
that scent trails left by humans vis- 
iting raptor nests may attract preda- 
tors. Methods to reduce nest preda- 
tion caused by human disturbance are 
listed. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), RESEARCH IMPACTS, 
WILDLIFE VIEWING, PREDATION, RAPTORS 
Hamerstrom, F., D. D. Berger, and F. N. 
Hamerstrom, Jr. 1965. The effect of 
mammals on prairie chickens on booming 
grounds. J. Wildl. Manage. 29:536- 
542. 
Studies in Wisconsin examined reac 
tions of greater prairie chickens on 
booming grounds to mammalian predators 
and humans. Prairie chickens were 
disturbed most by people, including 
farmers, fishermen, and bird watchers. 
Persons on foot walking towards or 
near the booming ground appeared to 
cause birds to flush from a greater 
distance than from any other mammal. 
Birds were disturbed more by dogs and 
livestock than by native foxes and 
deer. 
HIKING, FISHING, WILDLIFE VIEWING, 
RANGELAND, FLIGHT DISTANCE, GREATER 
PRAIRIE CHICKEN 
Hammond, M. C., and W. R. Forward. 1956. 
Experiments on causes of duck nest 
predation. J. Wildl. Manage. 20:243- 
247. 
Sources of bias in duck nesting stud- 
jes are examined, including the possi- 
bility of increased nest predation due 
to human disturbance. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), RESEARCH IMPACTS, 
WETLANDS, PREDATION, U.S. NATIONAL WILD- 
LIFE REFUGES, WATERFOWL, SHOVELER, BLUE- 
WINGED TEAL 
Hancock, D. 1966. David Hancock re- 

