222. 
223. 
agement, June 1974, Binghamton, N.Y. 
and Moscow, USSR. IUCN Publ. New Ser. 
40, Morges, Switzerland, 
Data on visitor injuries and deaths 
inflicted by grizzly bears in National 
Parks are analyzed. Situations pre- 
ceding attacks and age and sex classes 
of bears involved are discussed. At- 
tacks usually occurred in backcountry 
and involved sudden surprise of fe- 
males with cubs at close range. Ways 
of avoiding attack and successful man- 
agement programs are described. 
CAMPING, HIKING, HARASSMENT, WILDLIFE 
VIEWING, FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFE- 
TY, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE MAN- 
AGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, CANADIAN 
NATIONAL PARKS, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Herrero, S. 1978. People and grizzly 
bears: The challenge of coexistence. 
Pages 167-179 in C. M. Kirkpatrick, 
ed. Wildlife and people. Proceedings 
of the 1978 John S. Wright Forestry 
Conference, 23-24 February 1978, Pur- 
due University, West Lafayette, Ind. 
The history of bear-man interactions, 
bear danger to people, and management 
strategies to reduce bear hazards to 
people and promote natural populations 
of grizzly bears are reviewed.  Im- 
proper disposal of garbage and provo- 
cation are two circumstances leading 
to bear-human conflicts which can be 
controlled; however, a small risk to 
anyone entering grizzly habitat will 
always be present. Attitudes and val- 
ues concerning the grizzly bear will 
ultimately decide its future. 
CAMPING, HIKING, HARASSMENT, TOURISM, 
WILDLIFE VIEWING, FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH 
AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED 
SPECIES, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE 
MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, CANADI- 
AN NATIONAL PARKS, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Hess, D. 1968. The big cat. 
Outdoors 17(1):1-6. 
Colo. 
This popular article profiles the bi- 
ology and history of the mountain lion 
in Colorado, including an examination 
of tales of man-killing lions. Only 
one instance of a boy killed by a lion 
in Washington is considered authentic. 
Although lions have been known to 
trail humans, probably due to curios- 
224. 
225. 
226. 
ity, their fear of man prevents them 
from attacking humans. 
FORESTS, RANGELAND, HUMAN HEALTH AND 
SAFETY, MOUNTAIN LION 
Hicks, L. L. 1977. Human disturbance 
of the Mt. Baxter herd of Sierra Neva- 
da bighorn sheep. M.S. Thesis. Uni- 
versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 57 
Pp. 
Studies in California described and 
quantified human-bighorn sheep inter- 
actions and determined the extent of 
human disturbance of sheep. Distance, 
herd size, and juxtaposition were im- 
portant factors in bighorn reactions 
to humans. Sheep were not permanently 
displaced by humans in the study area. 
Management recommendations include 
trail alterations and some human ac- 
tivity restrictions. 
CAMPING, HIKING, CLIMBING, TUNDRA, REC- 
REATION MANAGEMENT, BIGHORN SHEEP 
Hicks, L. L., and J. M. Elder. 1979. 
Human disturbance of Sierra Nevada 
bighorn sheep. J. Wildl. Manage. 43: 
909-915. 
Direct observations, pellet transects, 
and hiker interviews were used to as-~ 
sess use overlap and nature of inter- 
actions between humans and_ bighorn 
sheep in California. Distance, juxta- 
position, and herd size and composi- 
tion were important factors in reac~ 
tion of sheep to humans. Bighorn- 
human encounters were not adversely 
affecting the bighorn  pouplation; 
nevertheless, limitation of human use 
of the study area is recommended. 
CAMPING, CLIMBING, HIKING, WILDLIFE 
VIEWING, FORESTS, TUNDRA, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, BIG- 
HORN SHEEP 
Hinman, R. 1974. The impact of oil de- 
velopment on wildlife populations in 
northern Alaska. Proc. Annu. Conf. 
West. Assoc. State Game Fish Comm. 54: 
156-164. | 
Potential impacts of oil and gas de- 
velopment on wildlife in northern 
Alaska are discussed. One major prob- 
lem has been animal-man_ confronta- 
Inad- 
tions, largely involving bears. 

