280. 
281. 
LAND, FLIGHT DISTANCE, RECREATION MAN- 
AGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN 
SHEEP 
Lime, D. W., and C. 7. Cushwa. 1969. 
Wildlite esthetics and auto campers in 
the Superior National Forest. U.S, 
For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-32. 8 pp. 
Auto campers in Minnesota were inter- 
viewed to determine the importance of 
wildlife esthetics to National Forest 
visitors. Although wildlife was de- 
scribed as esthetically important to 
many of the auto campers surveyed, it 
was not the prime motivational factor 
in attracting them to the National 
Forest. Most visitors sought a remote 
setting affording a maximum contrast 
to the usual urban environment. 
CAMPING, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FOR- 
ESTS, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL FORESTS, WILDLIFE (GENERAL) 
Lime, D. W., and G. H. Stankey. 1971. 
Carrying capacity: Maintaining out- 
door recreation quality. Pages 174- 
184 in Recreation Symposium proceed- 
ings, 12-14 October 1971, Syracuse, 
N.Y. U.S. Forest Service, Northeast- 
ern Forest Experiment Station, Upper 
Darby, Pa. 
Impacts on physical resources are a 
factor in determining recreational 
carrying capacity. The abundance, be- 
havior, and survival of wildlife is 
often influenced by recreational ac- 
tivity. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), BOATING, CAMPING, 
HIKING, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE 
(GENERAL) 
Lindzey, J. S. 
management. 
1967. Highlights of 
Pages 245-259 in O. H. 
Hewitt, ed. The wild turkey and its 
management. The Wildlife Society, 
Washington, D.C. 
In a chapter discussing management of 
turkeys, the author states 'turkeys 
are not compatible with heavily used 
recreation areas and even occasional 
use in some areas may cause nest aban- 
donment. " 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), RECREA- 
TION MANAGEMENT, TURKEY 
FORESTS, 
52 
282. 
283. 
284. 
285. 
Lochmiller, R. LL. 1978. 
Wildl. 39(12):10-11. 
Birding! Va. 
This popular article describes bird 
Watching activities and outlines ways 
to minimize disturbance of birds. A- 
voiding the use of recorded bird calls 
of rare birds, keeping a good distance 
from nests, avoiding handling’ of 
young, and avoiding large groups in 
critical habitats are suggested. 
HARASSMENT, WILDLIFE VIEWING, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, BIRDS 
Lock, A. R., and R. K. Ross. 1973. The 
nesting of the great cormorant Phala- 
crocorax carbo and the double-crested 


cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus in 
Nova Scotia in 1971. Can. Field-Nat. 
87: 43-49. 
It is suggested that great cormorants, 
nesting on bare rock in Nova Scotia, 
are more susceptible to human distur- 
bance than double-crested cormorants, 
which were found to nest in trees. 
Human intrusion may lead to greater 
predation on eggs and chicks while 
adults are away from nests. The daily 
presence of boats near cormorant nest- 
ing colonies caused little distur- 
bance. 
BOATING, DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), COASTAL 
ZONES, PREDATION, DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMOR- 
ANT, GREAT CORMORANT 
Lodico, N. J. 1973. Environmental ef- 
fects of off-road vehicles: A review 
of the literature. U.S. Dept. Inter. 
Res. Serv. Branch, Off. Libr. Serv. 
Bibliogr. Ser. 29. 109 pp. 
Technical articles, conferences and 
symposia, and popular articles con- 
cerning environmental effects of off- 
road vehicle use are reviewed. Ef? 
fects on animals of snowmobiles, mo- 
torcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and 
four-wheeled vehicles are discussed. 
A bibliography of 103 citations is in- 
cluded. 
OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, HARASSMENT, RECREA- 
TION MANAGEMENT, REVIEW, U.S. BLM LANDS, 
U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, WILDLIFE (GENER- 
AL) 
Lucas, R. C. 1978. Impact of human 
pressure on parks, wilderness, and 
