314. 
S195 
Management strategy for bald eagles. 
Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. 
Conf. 42:86-92. 
The authors describe a management plan 
applied to a breeding population of 
bald eagles in the Chippewa National 
Forest, Minnesota. The strategy calls 
for a detailed management plan for 
each eagle territory, including buffer 
zones surrounding nests to minimize 
disturbance. Some eagle pairs are 
more tolerant of human disturbance 
than others, and management can be ad- 
justed to accommodate the sensitivity 
of individual nesting pairs. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), FORESTS, RECREA- 
TION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, 
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, U.S. 
NATIONAL FORESTS, BALD EAGLE 
McArthur, K. L. 1981. Factors contrib- 
uting to effectiveness of black bear 
transplants. J. Wildl. Manage. 45: 
102-110. 
Transplants of black bears in Glacier 
National Park, Montana, were evaluated 
to assess the effectiveness of the 
technique in controlling nuisance 
bears. Female bears return to the 
areas from which they were trapped 
more frequently than males; transient 
bears may make up a large proportion 
of the nuisance bear population be- 
cause their knowledge of wide areas 
may include sources of human-provided 
food. Transplanting can be an effec- 
tive management tool but it fails to 
address situations that cause nuisance 
behavior. 
CAMPING, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FOR- 
ESTS, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL 
PARKS, BLACK BEAR 
McCool, S. F. 1978. Snowmobiles, ani- 
mals, and man: Interactions and man- 
agement issues. Trans. N. Am. Wildl. 
Nat. Resour. Conf. 43:140-148. 
Examples of recent research on snowmo- 
bile-wildlife interactions are cited 
as evidence that effects of snowmo- 
biles on ecosystems have not been 
jdentified. Reasons why research has 
not been effective in influencing land 
management policy are discussed. 
OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, FORESTS, REVIEW, REC- 
REATION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE (GENERAL) 
58 
316. 
31/. 
318. 
McIntyre, J. 1977. Spring calls the 
loons. Minn. Vol. 40(231): 22-26. 
This popular article reviews the sta- 
tus of common loons in Minnesota and 
describes conservation efforts. The 
Minnesota population is compared with 
that of New Hampshire, where growing 
numbers of tourists, boaters, and 
lakeshore developments have reduced 
the number of loons considerably. Ef- 
fects of boaters and campers on nest- 
ing loons are described, including the 
loss of eggs and young to predators 
while parents are disturbed. 
BOATING, CAMPING, TOURISM, LAKES, PREDA- 
TION, COMMON LOON 
McIntyre, J. M. W. 1975. 
behavior of the common loon (Gavia 
immer) with reference to its adapta- 
bility in a man-altered environment. 
Ph.D. Diss. University of Minnesota, 
St. Paul. 243 pp. 
Biology and 


Loons are subject to hazards from pol- 
lutants and increased recreational use 
of lakes because of their aquatic hab- 
its and conflict with man for habitat. 
Biological factors of loons were stud- 
jed to assess their ability to adapt 
to these environmental changes. Their 
potential for maintaining stable popu- 
lations in Minnesota are described 
based on the research results. 
BOATING, CAMPING, 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, 
COMMON LOON 
LAKES, FORESTS, WILD- 
U.S. NATIONAL FORESTS, 
McIntyre, J. W. 1979. Minnesota common 
loon survey report - 1978. Pages 123- 
125 in S. A. Sutcliffe, ed. Proceed- 
ings of the Second North American Con- 
ference on Common Loon Research and 
Management, 14-16 January 1979, Syra- 
cuse, N.Y. Audubon Society of New 
Hampshire, Meredith. 
The loon population in Minnesota seems 
to be healthy and stable. The Minne- 
sota loon population, high in compari- 
son to populations in the northeastern 
U.S., may reflect a greater abundance 
of suitable habitat plus lessened rec- 
reational pressure. While cottage de- 
velopments and canoeing are common in 
northern Minnesota, the total human 
population is lower than in the east 
and many Minnesota lakes are virtually 
undisturbed in summer. 
