320. 
326. 
327. 
public attitudes based on an _ under- 
standing of natural processes. 
HARASSMENT, FORESTS, RANGELAND, TUNDRA, 
HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, WILDLIFE MAN- 
AGEMENT, WOLVES, GRAY WOLF 
Merrill, E. H. 1978. Bear depredations 
at backcountry campgrounds in Glacier 
National Park. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 6: 
123-126. 
factors of 
Ecological and human-use 
backcountry campgrounds were studied 
in Glacier National Park to discover 
reasons for black bear and grizzly 
bear depredation. A high number of 
bear incidents occurred in deteriorat- 
ing campgrounds within 5 km of devel- 
oped areas, and which had large party 
limits and nearby fishing. Changes in 
Campground management practices are 
suggested. 
CAMPING, HIKING, FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH 
AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED 
SPECIES, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL PARKS, BLACK BEAR, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Metcalf, L. 1979. The breeding status 
of the common loon in Vermont. Pages 
101-110 in S. A. Sutcliffe, ed. Pro- 
cceedings of the Second North American 
Conference on Common Loon Research and 
Management, 14-16 January 1979, Syra- 
cuse, N.Y. Audubon Society of New 
Hampshire, Meredith. 
A survey of the current and former 
breeding status of the common loon was 
carried out in Vermont. Recreational 
use of lakes in Vermont is causing 
serious disruptions of loon breeding 
and the population in the state is un- 
stable. An incident of nest failure 
due to disturbance of incubating loons 
by nest watchers is described. Care- 
ful monitoring and protection of loon 
nests from disturbance are suggested. 
BOATING, WILDLIFE VIEWING, LAKES, RECRE- 
ATION MANAGEMENT, COMMON LOON 
Mickelson, P. G. 1975 Breeding biology 
of cackling geese and associated spe- 
cies on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, 
Alaska. Wildl. Monogr. 45. 35 pp. 
From this study of cackling Canada 
geese, brant, emperor geese, white- 
fronted geese, and spectacled eiders, 
60 
328, 
329, 
it was estimated that losses to avian 
predators (mostly glaucous gulls) were 
doubled by the presence of the re- 
searcher. Human presence and the 
sound of boats caused parents to tem- 
porarily desert nests and young, leav- 
jing them vulnerable to predators. 
RESEARCH IMPACTS, BOATING, WETLANDS, 
PREDATION, BRANT, SPECTACLED EIDER, CAN- 
ADA GOOSE, EMPEROR GOOSE, WHITE-FRONTED 
GOOSE, GLAUCOUS GULL 
Mihalic, D. A. 1974. Visitor attitudes 
toward grizzly bears in Glacier Na- 
tional Park, Montana. M.S. Thesis. 
Michigan State University, East Lans- 
ing. 131 pp. 
Grizzly bear-human coexistence prob- 
Jems in Glacier National Park were 
studied by investigating visitor atti- 
tudes and perceptions relating to 
grizzly bears through interviews with 
park visitors. Such information can 
be useful both to scientists studying 
bear-man interactions, and to park 
managers who must allow visitor use 
with a minimum of hazard and at the 
same time preserve natural grizzly 
bear populations. 
CAMPING, HIKING, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEW- 
ING, FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, 
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, U.S. 
NATIONAL PARKS, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Miller, A. H., I. I. McMillan, and E. 
McMillan. 1965. The current status 
and welfare of the California condor. 
Natl. Audubon Soc. Res. Rep. 6. 61 
pp. 
Among factors bearing on the mortality 
and welfare of California condors are 
disruption of breeding at nests by 
humans, and other man-caused distur- 
bances. Condors may abandon nests in 
disturbed areas, although when = ap- 
proached they frequently show no out- 
ward signs of alarm and may at times 
seem tame. Condors have been fre- 
quently seen foraging near a we] l-used 
recreation area, but do not nest or 
roost near centers of disturbance. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), PICNICKING, WILD- 
LIFE VIEWING, RANGELAND, FORESTS, FLIGHT 
DISTANCE, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, U.S. 
NATIONAL FORESTS, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, CALIFORNIA CONDOR 
