336. 
B37. 
338. 
SPELUNKING, RESEARCH IMPACTS, TOURISM, 
HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND 
ENDANGERED SPECIES, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT , 
BATS, INDIANA BAT 
Mohr, C. E. 1977. Survival: A tale of 
two bats. Pages 349-366 in B. Sloane, 
ed. Cavers, caves, and caving. Rut- 
gers University Press, New Brunswick, 
N.d. 
The author describes his experiences 
observing and researching the Indiana 
bat and the gray bat in this popular 
account. Both species are declining, 
and a variety of natural catastrophes 
and human disturbance seem to be re- 
sponsible. Losses of summer habitat 
to water projects, development’ of 
caves for tourism, and more causal 
visitation by spelunkers all threaten 
these endangered bats. 
SPELUNKING, HARASSMENT, TOURISM, FOR- 
ESTS, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, 
RECREATION MANAGEMENT, INDIANA BAT, GRAY 
BAT, BATS 
Moment, G. B. 1968. Bears: The need 
for a new sanity in wildlife conserva- 
tion. BioScience 18:1105-1108. 
The author maintains that the National 
Park Service is not obligated to pre- 
serve bear populations in parks where 
the bears prove dangerous to visitors, 
and suggests removing bears, especial- 
ly grizzlies, from the more popular 
National Parks. Remote reserves for 
bears are suggested as alternatives to 
managing bears in parks. 
CAMPING, HIKING, FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH 
AND SAFETY, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILD- 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, 
BLACK BEAR, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Moment, G. B. 1969. Bears and conser- 
vation: Realities and  recommenda- 
tions. BioScience 19: 1019-1020. 
The author reiterates and clarifies 
points made in an earlier publication 
concerning the incompatibility = of 
grizzly bears and visitors in National 
Parks. Removal of bears from parks is 
suggested, along with the creation of 
remote bear preserves. 
CAMPING, HIKING, 
FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH 
62 
Sou: 
340. 
341. 
AND SAFETY, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILD- 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, 
GRIZZLY BEAR, BLACK BEAR 
Moment, G. B. 1970. Man-grizzly prob- 
Jems--past and present: Implications 
for endangered species. BioScience 
20: 1142-1144. 
Man-grizzly bear problems are reviewed 
and arguments for various management 
schemes discussed. The author con- 
tends that grizzly bears should be re- 
moved from certain parks to make the 
parks more suitable for hiking and 
camping, and bear refuges established 
in more remote areas. 
CAMPING, HIKING, FORESTS, HUMAN HEALTH 
AND SAFETY, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILD- 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, 
GRIZZLY BEAR 
Monson, G. 1966. The place of refuges 
in desert bighorn management. Trans. 
Desert Bighorn Counc. 10:21-23. 
A review of the status of desert big- 
horn sheep revealed that sheep are 
present as a small number of scattered 
individuals, contributing to a fragile 
population. Refuges are essential to 
the future existence of the desert 
bighorn, providing subsidiary benefits 
as human recreational areas as well as 
opportunities to control disturbances. 
HIKING, PICNICKING, WILDLIFE VIEWING, 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), DESERTS, RECREA- 
TION MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, 
BIGHORN SHEEP 
Morgantini, L. E., and R. J. Hudson. 
1979. Human disturbance and habitat 
selection in elk. Pages 132-139 in M. 
S. Boyce and L. D. Hayden-Wing, eds. 
North American elk: Ecology, behavior 
and management. University of Wyo- 
ming, Laramie. 
Studies of big game habitat selection 
in Alberta showed that behavioral fac- 
tors including human disturbance can 
affect elk habitat selection. Heavy 
use of marginal sectors of potentially 
available habitat and occasional spa- 
tial overlap with bighorn sheep ap- 
peared to be a direct result of human 
activity, particularly vehicluar ac- 
tivity and hunting. 
