348. 
349. 
350. 
Most unprovoked bear-human incidents 
end in this manner, despite popular 
stories which are often exaggerated. 
HIKING, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FORESTS, TUN- 
DRA, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, FLIGHT 
DISTANCE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPE- 
CIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Murie, A. 1981. 
McKinley. U.S. 
Monogr. Ser. 14. 
The grizzlies of Mount 
Natl. Park Serv. Sci. 
251 pp. 
Results of 20 years of research and 
observations on grizzly bears in Mount 
McKinley National Park, Alaska, are 
reported. One chapter concerning 
grizzlies and man details some of the 
frequent interactions between park 
visitors and grizzlies. People in- 
volved often gain a thrill from view- 
ing grizzlies closely, but the bears 
may suffer from harassment or be in- 
duced to attack. 
HARASSMENT, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, 
TUNDRA, WETLANDS, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFE- 
TY, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, 
U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, GRIZZLY BEAR 
Murphy, J. R. 1962. 
ior of a bald eagle. 
Aggressive behav- 
Auk 79: 712-713. 
A deliberate attack upon a human by a 
bald eagle is reported. While photo- 
graphing a bald eagle nest in Yellow- 
stone National Park, a naturalist suf- 
fered a superficial laceration, presum- 
ably a scratch by a talon, when one of 
the nesting eagles swooped near him. 
The attack is interpreted as an act of 
territorial defense, although reports of 
eagle attacks are rare. 
RESEARCH IMPACTS, WILDLIFE VIEWING, FOR- 
ESTS, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREAT- 
ENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL PARKS, BALD EAGLE 
Murphy, J. R. 1965. Nest site selec- 
tion by the bald eagle in Yellowstone 
National Park. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts 
Let. Proc, 42(Part 2): 261-264. 
Along with proximity to water and food 
sources, human disturbance is suggest- 
ed as an important factor determining 
bald eagle nest site selection in Yel- 
lowstone National Park. Instances of 
apparent disruption of bald eagle 
nesting by human intrusions are cited. 
64 
351. 
352. 
353. 
BOATING, CAMPING, SWIMMING, TOURISM, 
WILDLIFE VIEWING, FORESTS, LAKES, HUMAN 
HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, BALD 
EAGLE 
Nelson, M. 1966. Problems of recrea- 
tional use of game ranges. Trans. 
Desert Bighorn Counc. 10: 13-20. 
Problems facing desert bighorn sheep 
caused by recreational use of sheep 
ranges are discussed. Aspects of pic~ 
nicking, camping, hiking and climbing, 
and boating are discussed, and related 
to what little is known about toler- 
ance of sheep to human intrusion. The 
loss of animals to human disturbance 
should not be risked if management can 
prevent the overlapping of human rec- 
reation with sheep habitat. 
BOATING, CAMPING, HIKING, CLIMBING, PIC- 
NICKING, WILDLIFE VIEWING, DESERTS, 
RANGELAND, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, WILD- 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL WILDLIFE 
REFUGES, U.S. STATE PARKS AND LANDS, 
BIGHORN SHEEP 
Nelson, R. W. 1970. Observations on 
the decline and survival of the pere- 
grine falcon. Can. Field-Nat. 84:313- 
319. 
Factors involved in the decline of 
peregrine falcons throughout the world 
are discussed, including effects of 
human disturbance. The |]iterature re- 
viewed suggests that peregrine falcons 
are capable of tolerating human intru- 
sions in some cases, although nest 
desertion is common when birds are 
disturbed prior to and during egg- 
laying. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), REVIEW, 
ENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, 
FALCON 
THREAT - 
PEREGRINE 
Neumann, P. W., and H. G. Merriam. 1972. 
Ecological effects of snowmobiles. 
Can. Field-Nat. 86: 207-212. 
Studies in Ontario showed that snowmo- 
bile use caused significant changes in 
snow structure and wildlife behavior. 
Snowmobile use affected snowshoe hare 
and red fox mobility and distribution, 
and caused significant damage to 
browse plants. 
