382. 
383. 
Effects of visits to osprey nests by 
researchers, trapping of breeding 
adults, and other human activities 
near nests were studied on the Atlan- 
tic coast from New York City to Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts, and in Everglades 
National Park, Florida. No evidence 
was found of adverse effects on osprey 
reproduction from nest visits, al- 
though climbing nest trees may in- 
crease raccoon predation on young or 
eggs. Nests exposed to nearly contin- 
uous human activity produced young at 
rates equivalent to wilderness nests. 
RESEARCH IMPACTS, DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), 
URBAN ZONES, COASTAL ZONES, PREDATION, 
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, ~~ U.S. NATIONAL 
PARKS, OSPREY 
Portnoy, J. W. 1974. Some ecological 
and behavioral aspects of a nesting 
population of red-shouldered hawks 
(Buteo Jineatus lineatus). M.S. The- 
sis. University of Massachusetts, Am- 
herst. 61 pp. 
Hawks reacted to human disturbance 
during incubation by abandoning 
clutches at four nests. A hypothesis 
is presented linking an apparent de- 
cline of red-shouldered hawks to fac-~ 
tors including sensitivity to human 
disturbance during nesting. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), 
SHOULDERED HAWK 
FORESTS, RED- 
Portnoy, J. W. 1977. Colonial water- 
bird population status and management 
on the north Gulf of Mexico coast. 
Pages 38-43 in Proceedings, 1977 Con- 
ference of the Colonial Waterbird 
Group, 20-23 October 1977, Dekalb, 
[71. 
Seabird and wading bird abundance and 
protection in the extensive wetlands 
of the north Gulf Coast is discussed. 
Certain species nesting in popular 
recreational areas such as beaches may 
require active protection during their 
most vulnerable reproductive stages, 
but widespread protection will be best 
accomplished by public education 
through news media and informative 
messages posted at colonies. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), WILDLIFE VIEWING, 
COASTAL ZONES, WETLANDS, LAKES, RIVERS, 
RECREATION MANAGEMENT, SEABIRDS, WATER- 
BIRDS 
70 
384. 
385, 
386. 
Portnoy, J. W. 1977. Nesting colonies 
of seabirds and wading birds: Coastal 
Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama. 
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Serv. 
Program FWS/OBS-77/07. 126 pp. 
Results of seabird and wading bird 
surveys on a portion of the U.S. Gulf 
Coast are presented. Vandalism and 
unintentional human disturbance = ap-~ 
pears to be common at some colonies; 
only 11% of the colonies studied were 
protected by posting or restricted ac- 
cess. Most intruders seen were curi- 
ous and unaware of the potential dis- 
turbance caused by their presence. 
Adequate posting, legal protection, 
and public information efforts could 
reduce disturbance. 
HIKING, FISHING, RESEARCH IMPACTS, HA- 
RASSMENT, DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), WILD- 
LIFE VIEWING, COASTAL ZONES, WETLANDS, 
PREDATION, RECREATION MANAGEMENT , 
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, SEA- 
BIRDS, WATERBIRDS 
ORV's in our Nation- 
Natl. Parks Conserv. 
Primack, M. 1980. 
al Seashores. 
Mag. 54(11):4-7. 
This nontechnical article describes 
damage to natural environments caused 
by off-road vehicle use of Atlantic 
seashores. Impacts of vehicles. on 
arctic terns and loggerheads are men- 
tioned. The author calls for the Na- 
tional Park Service to re-evaluate and 
limit off-road vehicle use in National 
Seashores. 
OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, COASTAL ZONES, RECRE- 
ATION MANAGEMENT, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, U.S. NATIONAL PARKS, ARC- 
TIC TERN, LOGGERHEAD 
Purdy, K. G., and W. W. Shaw. 1980. 
Progress report: Recreational use of 
desert bighorn habitat in Pusch Ridge 
Wilderness. Trans. Desert Bighorn 
Counc. 24:52-56. 
Preliminary results are reported of 
research in progress concerning recre- 
ation impacts on bighorn sheep in Ari- 
zona. The study seeks to quantify 
recreation use, determine interactions 
of recreationists and sheep, and as- 
sess impacts. 
CAMPING, HIKING, DESERTS, FORESTS, 
NATIONAL FORESTS, BIGHORN SHEEP 
U.S. 
