HEALTH AND SAFETY, THREATENED AND ENDAN- 
GERED SPECIES, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, 
WILDLIFE |= MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL 
PARKS, WILDLIFE (GENERAL) 
reese, J, G. 1977. Nesting success of 
aspreys in central Chesapeake Bay. 
Pages 109-113 in J. C. Ogden, ed. 
Transactions of the North American Os- 
prey Research Conference, 10-12 Feb- 
euary 1972, Williamsburg, Va. U.S. 
Natl. Park Serv. Trans. Proc. Ser. 2. 
ractors affecting nesting success of 
ospreys in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, 
are discussed. People-related distur- 
bances include industrial expansion, 
commercial and recreational fishing 
and crabbing, and boating. These ac- 
Livities are increasing and seriously 
affect osprey nesting success. 
BOATING, FISHING, WILDLIFE VIEWING, HA- 
RASSMENT, COASTAL ZONES, OSPREY 
Reeves, R. H. 1952. Wild turkey man- 
agement in Arizona. Proc. Annu. Conf. 
West. Assoc. State Game Fish Comm. 32: 
106-109. 
In a general discussion of management 
and research on wild turkeys in Ari- 
zona, human disturbance of nests is 
listed among detrimental effects of 
human activities on turkey popula- 
tions. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), FORESTS, WILDLIFE 
MANAGEMENT, TURKEY 
Xeld, N. J. 1967. Public view of wild- 
life. Pages 77-80 in Towards a new 
relationship of man and nature in tem- 
perate lands. Part 1: Ecological im- 
pact of recreation and tourism upon 
temperate environments. IUCN Tenth 
Technical Meeting, 26-30 June 1966, 
Lucerne, Switzerland. IUCN Publ. New 
Ser. 7, Morges, Switzerland. 
Techniques for providing public view- 
ing of wildlife in U.S. National Parks 
are discussed. Sound ecological man- 
agement of park resources can greatly 
improve wildlife viewing, and special 
viewing facilities and devices are 
suggested for increasing viewing op- 
portunities. Park roads are often ma- 
jor viewing points in National Parks. 
Visitors should be encouraged to ad- 
just their schedules to take advantage 
72 
396. 
397. 
398. 
of seeing wildlife at their most ac- 
tive times. 
WILDLIFE VIEWING, TOURISM, RECREATION 
MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, U.S. 
NATIONAL PARKS, WILDLIFE (GENERAL) 
Retfalvi, L. I. 1965. Breeding behav- 
jor and feeding habits of the bald ea- 
gle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus L.) on 
San Juan Island, Washington. M. For. 
Thesis. University of British Colum- 
bia, Vancouver. 180 pp. 
Studies of bald eagle breeding behav- 
jor in Washington determined reasons 
for the general decline in eagle num- 
bers. Eagles subjected to prolonged 
human presence appeared to become ac- 
customed to humans, and were less eas- 
ily frightened from nests by human 
presence. Disturbance by interested 
tourists and the author may have been 
responsible for some nest abandon- 
ments, but the destruction of habitat 
poses the greatest threat to the bald 
eagles. 
PICNICKING, RESEARCH IMPACTS, WILDLIFE 
VIEWING, FORESTS, COASTAL ZONES, FLIGHT 
DISTANCE, THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPE- 
CIES, BALD EAGLE 
Reynolds, H. V., III. 1969. Population 
studies of the golden eagle in south- 
central Montana. M.S. Thesis. Uni- 
versity of Montana, Missoula. 69 pp. 
During population studies of golden 
eagles in Montana, effects of human 
disturbance on nesting eagles were as- 
sessed. Comparisons of data from dif- 
ferent years when intensity of human 
disturbance varied suggest that band- 
ing activities and repeated visits to 
nests did not influence eagle nest oc- 
cupancy or productivity. 
DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), RESEARCH IMPACTS, 
WILDLIFE VIEWING, FORESTS, RANGELAND, 
GOLDEN EAGLE 
Richens, V. B., and G. R. Lavigne. 1978. 
Response of white-tailed deer to snow- 
mobiles and snowmobile trails’ jin 
Maine. Can. Field-Nat. 92:334-344. 
Studies of deer responses to snowmo- 
biles in Maine revealed that deer were 
not driven from the area by snowmo- 
biles and frequently followed snowmo- 
