433. 
434. 
the 1978 John S. Wright Forestry Con- 
ference, 23-24 February 1978, Purdue 
University, West Lafayette, Ind. 
Urban wildlife managment problems in 
Winnipeg, Manitoba, include damage to 
vegetation by deer and beavers, wild- 
life on airport runways and roads, and 
moose on a golf course. Most city 
dwellers are ignorant of or apathetic 
towards management of specific areas 
for wildlife. Ways to manage for 
wildlife, reduce conflicts between 
animals and humans, and provide oppor- 
tunities for people to enjoy urban 
wildlife are discussed. 
HARASSMENT, WILDLIFE VIEWING, URBAN 
ZONES, HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY, WILDLIFE 
MANAGEMENT, WILDLIFE (GENERAL), WHITE- 
TAILED DEER 
Shoesmith, M. W., and W. H. Koonz. 1977. 
The maintenance of an urban deer herd 
in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Trans. N. Am. 
Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. 42:278-285. 
Over one-half million people and a 
flourishing herd of 200 deer coexist 
in the urbanized Winnipeg area, mostly 
on private land. Accidental deaths on 
streets and highways are the greatest 
causes of deer mortality. Harassment 
by people, including snowmobile rid- 
ers, motorists, bicycle riders, horse- 
back riders, and children with guns 
and bows and arrows, occurs but the 
deer have adapted well to the presence 
of humans. 
HARASSMENT, OFF-ROAD VEHICLES, BICY- 
CLING, HORSEBACK RIDING, WILDLIFE VIEW- 
ING, FORESTS, RIVERS, URBAN ZONES, WILD- 
LIFE MANAGEMENT, WHITE-TAILED DEER 
Shugart, G. W., W. C. Scharf, and F. J. 
Cuthbert. 1978. Status and reproduc- 
tive success of the Caspian tern 
(Sterna caspia) in the U.S. Great 
Lakes. Pages 146-156 in Proceedings, 
1978 Conference of the Colonial Water- 
bird Group, 20-23 October 1978, New 
York, NvY¥: 
Reproductive success and status of 
breeding colonies of Caspian’ terns 
along Lake Michigan were studied. The 
success of Lake Michigan colonies was 
low compared to data from other stud- 
jes because of storm wash damage and 
abandonment of eggs following human 
79 
435. 
436. 
437. 
disturbance. Suggestions to minimize 
human interference of breeding terns 
include Jess disruptive research tech- 
niques and limited access to colonies 
by the public. 
BOATING, RESEARCH IMPACTS, LAKES, PREDA- 
TION, RECREATION MANAGEMENT, CASPIAN 
TERN 
Shult, M. J. 1972. American bison be- 
havior patterns at Wind Cave National 
Park. Ph.D. Diss. Iowa State Univer- 
sity, Ames. 191 pp. 
Encounters with humans resulted in 
various responses by bison depending 
on the degree of harassment. Examples 
of possible effects of bison behavior 
on the American Indians of the Great 
Plains are presented. 
HARASSMENT, TOURISM, WILDLIFE VIEWING, 
RANGELAND, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, U.S. NA- 
TIONAL PARKS, BISON 
Sibley, F. C. 1969. Effects of the 
Sespe Creek project on the California 
condor. U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisher- 
jes and Wildlife, Endangered Wildlife 
Research Station Administrative Re- 
port. Patuxent Wildlife Research Cen- 
ter, Laurel, Md. 19 pp. 
The effects on the California condor 
of a proposed multipurpose water pro- 
ject providing water storage, recrea~ 
tion, and fish and wildlife enhance- 
ment are evaluated. The project area 
is a major condor roosting area; dis- 
turbance from construction activities 
and human use of the completed project 
will likely be severe enough to result 
jin the extinction of the already crit- 
ically endangered condor. Noise, vis~ 
ible movement, and frequency are im- 
portant factors in the effects of dis- 
turbance on condors. 
BOATING, DISTURBANCE (GENERAL), HARASS~- 
MENT, HIKING, SWIMMING, TOURISM, WILD- 
LIFE VIEWING, LAKES, FORESTS, RANGELAND, 
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES, REC- 
REATION MANAGEMENT, U.S. NATIONAL FOR- 
ESTS, CALIFORNIA CONDOR 
Simmons, G. 1974. Brown pelican on the 
brink. Natl. Parks Conserv. Mag. 48 
(12): 21-23. 
Status and protection of brown peli- 
cans in Florida are discussed in this 
