McMINNVILLE, TENNESSEE | 39 
Diseases are usually caused by a fungus growth 
and are controlled by sprays known as fungicides. <A 
few of the diseases, such as blight in pear, etc., are 
caused by bacteria, and where such diseases occur, 
one of the best remedies is to cut away the infected 
parts, destroying the prunings by burning. 
_ Therefore, there are two general classes of sprays, 
insecticides and fungicides, and the insecticides be- 
ing divided into two classes known as poison and con- 
tact insecticides. Arsenate of Lead is a good ex- 
ample of the poison insecticide, while Lime Sulphur 
Solution is a good exampie of the contact insecticide, 
with Bordeaux mixture being the old stand-by as a 
fungicide. 
SPRAY FORMULAS. 
Arsenate of Lead—One of the most common and 
_most valuable poison sprays; may be prepared at 
home, using either powder or paste, it being easily 
procured in either form. Use at the rate of 2% 
pounds of the paste or 2 pounds of powder to 50 
gallons of water. Use for the control of flea beetle 
on grape, caterpillar on pecan, biting and chewirg 
insects on shade trees, shrubs, etc., and for tent ca- 
terpillar on evergreens. Also, use as spray for cul- 
culio and codling moth on fruit trees. 
Nicotine Solution—This may be bought in concen- 
trated form at almost any drug store, usually uncer 
the name of “Black Leaf 40.” In large quantities, 
use approximately 3-4 pint to 100 gallons of water, 
or in small quantities, use about 1 ounce to 8 gallons 
of water. In making the spray mix the nicotire with 
very heavy suds, using lye soap or strong laundry 
soap for the suds, as this will cause the spray to ad- 
here and spread much better. This is very easily 
prepared at home and is an excellent spray for co.:- 
trol of aphis on apple, plum, roses, etc., and for use 
in ridding plants of red spider. 
Lime Sulphur Solution—One of the most important 
contact sprays we have ,being one of the most effec- 
tive for treatment for San Jose scale while trees are 
dormant. If commercial Lime Sulphur is used, it 
should be used 2 pounds to 8 or 10 gallons of water 
for the winter spraying, while for summer the dilu- 
tion should be approximately 1 pound to 8 or 10 gal- 
lons of water. This spray is excellent for use while 
trees are dormant as it helps to keep them in healthy 
Malte and is particularly beneficial in the control of 
scale. 
Bordeaux Mixture—This is easily secured in pre- 
pared form at almost any drug store, and usually 
directions for preparation and dilution are given. 
This is particularly useful in control of mildew and 
all fungus diseases, such as brown rot on peach and 
apple, black rot in grape, or mildew on roses, etc. 
All of these sprays may be used by the home own- 
er, applying with large sprayer in orchard or vine- 
yard where necessary, or knapsack sprayer for use 
where only a few trees need treatment, or even a 
small hand sprayer for use on small plants around the 
home. A small investment in equipment and ma- 
terials may mean many dollars to you in your or- 
chard or beauty to you in your home grounds. 
CUMBERLAND VALLEY NURSERIES, Inc. 
McMinnville, Tenn. | 
