A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING STREAM-FLOW 
177 
By dividing column 7 by 1.19, 1.19, . . . 0.119, the percentage values are 
converted back to absolute values as in column 2. This gives the following flood- 
flow formula for Stream B : 
+ 1.40r /1 +1.43r /2 +1.161r / ,+1.64r / 4+14.0r / ',+8.24r / ,4-3.11r /7 = Flood-flow of 
Stream B (86) 
EXAMPLE OF SUBSTITUTION IN OBSERVATION EQUATIONS FOR FLOOD-FLOW. STREAM B 
For the months used in Solution K, using the constants of that solution (84), 
a substitution in observation equations was made which served to determine the 
residuals, v, of equation (78), for that solution. These residuals are the discrepan- 
cies between the total stream-flow (normal-flow -f-flood-flow) as computed from the 
theory on the one hand and the observed flow on the other hand. 
The following example covers the same days used in the observation equations 
shown on page 172. 
Substitution in observation equations for flood-flow, Stream B 
Date 
>7itf/i 
T/iRfi 
r/tR/t 
fftR/t 
r/bR/i 
r/tR/s 
TtiRn 
—F 
V 
1911 
Oct. 4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
+ 15(1.34) 
+ 197 
+ 6 
-272 
-247 
-189 
-247 
-303 
-275 
-214 
-149 
-105 
-119 
- 88 
- 58 
- 41 
- 26 
- 13 

+ 12 
- 36 
- 27 
- 24 
- 14 
- 9 
+26 
+ 10 
+ 4 

+ 14 
-44 
-97 
-36 
+29 
+ 70 
-67 
-36 
- 6 
+ 11 
+26 
+39 
+ 52 
+63 
-29 
-20 
-17 
- 7 
- 2 
+ 15(1.21) 
+ 197 
+ 15(0.86) 
+ 197 
+ 15(1.23) 
+212 
+ 197 
+ 2(8.50) 
+21 
+ 21 
+21 
+ 20 
+ 2(2.48) 
+21 
+21 
+ 21 
+ 21 
+21 
+ 21 
+21 
+20 
+ 2(0.349) 
+ 21 
+ 21 
+ 21 
+21 
+ 21 
The quantities in parentheses at the beginnings of the second to eighth columns 
are the R/s. They should be considered as repeated down the column. The other 
values in these columns are the r/s, as shown at the heads of the columns. The 
other two columns are — F and v, respectively, as shown. The sum of the products 
in the second to eighth columns, inclusive, represents the correction to the com- 
puted flood-flow, or the correction to the computed part of the water which reaches 
Stream B by surface travel. For example, on October 9, the observed flow was 
0.586 c.f.s. (see Plate 13), which was the peak of this flood. Of that flow, only 
0.127 c.f.s. is accounted for by equation (77) as having reached the stream by per- 
colation. This leaves 0.459 c.f.s. to be accounted for as surface travel or flood-flow. 
Of this 0.459 c.f.s., 0.156 c.f.s. is estimated by the assumed constants (81), leaving 
0.303 c.f.s. to be accounted for by the corrections to those constants (84), which 
