70 
THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
get, using three of our largest horses on it and putting it down 
to the beam. In this way we get a depth of about 18 inches. 
Would go even deeper if it were possible. We expect to 
to gain in two ways by doing this. First we believe that we 
cannot break up the bottom too much in order to get a 
good root system. Second we get a better drainage, as this 
particular ground is somewhat wet in the spring. After 
thoroughly looking into the matter we believe we would have 
secured even better results with our stock had we used the 
subsoil plow in all parts of our nursery and shall do so when 
we replant any of the old ground now in trees and shrubs. 
(2) We only use one horse cultivators, some of them of the 
Syracuse make and others the Planet. The latter we have 
adopted within the last two years. They are stronger and 
more rigid than the other makes as far as we have seen them 
and seem to last longer. We use cultivators with a wide 
tooth, reversible, and as when we keep our soil loosened very 
deep we get good results. Our method of cultivation is, we 
think, somewhat different from that practiced by most nursery¬ 
men. 
(3) We do our first cultivating in the spring with a one 
horse Syracuse plow, running twice in a row and plowing 
away from the stock, throwing the soil to the centre of the 
row; we follow this a few days later with a cultivator, then 
again with the plow, and so on all summer. In that way we 
keep our soil loose and mellow. If we don’t do that our soil 
is apt to bake and by midsummer we cannot get a harrow 
deep enough for practicable purposes. We find it much 
more economical too. 
At this writing it is too early for us to say much about 
Spring trade. So far it has been very satisfactory and we 
believe fully up to the last spring, but we are now in the 
middle of our shipping season and orders are still coming in 
very satisfactorily. We have no complaint to make on this 
score. Prices are too low, but we think they are at the bot¬ 
tom and hope and expect a substantial rise by next fall. We 
would all do better if we raised less stock and got more for it 
and we are in hopes that nurserymen will realize this and 
make a general advance next season. 
Dreshertown. Thomas Meehan & Sons, Inc. 
SUBSOILING NOT NEEDED. 
(1) We abandoned subsoiling 25 years ago—not satisfac¬ 
tory on our soil. 
(2) Have never been able to decide. We use mostly one 
horse cultivators. 
(3) We use ordinary plows and harrows. 
Soil, generally a light loam. 
West Chester. Hoopes Bros. & Thomas. 
ILLINOIS. 
In my business, growing and cultivating small evergreens 
in narrow rows, I use the Gem hand cultivators very exten¬ 
sively. I find it the best hand cultivator for that purpose. 
Horse cultivator, the Diamond Tooth, five shares, are used 
except late in season when we do not wish to stir the ground 
very deep, then a drag tooth cultivator is used. The Gem 
hand cultivator has several sets of scufflers, share plows and 
teeth and is adapted for all seasons and for all purposes 
where a narrow cultivator is used. 
Dundee. D. Hill. 
OHIO. 
SUBSOILING INDISPENSIBLE. 
(1) Subsoiling is indespensible with us, especially on our 
heavy clay soil, it not only opens up the hard pan below the 
surface thereby making a better system of drainage, but makes 
the ground easier to plant the stocks in and works better the 
whole season.- 
(2) Two horse cultivators on all small stuff such as one 
3 ^ear buds and seedlings. Various kinds of one horse imple¬ 
ments on delicate small stuff and large trees. 
(3) Soil of various kinds, including good stiff clay, clay 
loam, gravel loam, and black land. We favor and use dif¬ 
ferent kinds of Planet Jr. tools to good advantage for culti¬ 
vating. We prefer Oliver Chilled plows for plowing. 
Perry. L. Green & Son Co. 
KANSAS. 
(1) We do not find subsoiling a success with us. Have 
two good subsoilers for sale. 
(2) We find level cultivation the most satisfactory. 
(3) We consider the Planet Jr. implements well suited to 
our use. We also use an Ohio cultivator which does good 
work. 
Our soil is a heavy black loam. 
Winfield. Cooper & Moncrief. 
INDIANA. 
(1) When used have found them very profitable. 
(2) For constant use we like the spring tooth cultivators 
but find it necessary to use a number of different cultivators 
owing to condition of soil and work to be done. Good judg¬ 
ment must dictate. 
(3) Our soil is a sugar tree clay inclined to be a little heavy. 
We use in spring small bar plows in loosening ground, follow¬ 
ing with shovel cultivators of size suitable for condition of 
soil and results desired, then mostly spring tooth or small 
Bull tongue cultivators, or other small tooth implements. 
The Planet Jr. people make a very desirable line of tools 
adopted for all kinds of work. 
Bridgeport Albertson & Hobbs. 
IN THE SOUTH. 
ALABAMA. 
SUBSOILERS NEEDED. 
(1) We use an Avery No. 6 subsoil plow and think our 
nursery ground cannot be well prepared unless subsoiled. 
(2) For trees four feet and up we use the Little Giant cul¬ 
tivator, made by the Ohio Cultivator Co., Bellevue, Ohio. 
We change the width of the machine and the width of teeth 
every time we recultivate. Sharp teeth are always put on. 
For seedlings or trees under four feet we use a Sulky cul¬ 
tivator with ten spring teeth. The ga-ngs can be set so as to 
work the ground shallow near the tree, and deeper toward the 
center of row. 
Three of four times during the season we run a Disk culti¬ 
vator to break the ridge left by cultivator teeth beneath the 
dust mulch. 
(3) We use the John Deer plows and have a set of them 
with different mould boards. For mellow soils a long low 
mould board, for heavier soils a shorter steep mould. 
When breaking ground one day after the plow, we run a 
Disk harrow, both sides set to throw out, we half double 
back, thus cutting both ways. The Disk we use is made by 
