THE NATIONAL NURSERYMAN 
49 
Weighing of copper and lime at time of mixing is very inconvenient. 
Bordeaux mixture is best when used within a few hours after being 
mixed. Therefore a stock mixture of Bordeaux is impracticable. It 
is, however, practicable to have stock preparations of sulfate of copper 
and of lime ready for mixing when required. 
The lime should be fresh quiclc-lime, and when slaked must always be 
covered with water to exclude the air. In this manner a “stock” mix¬ 
ture of lime can be kept all summer unimpaired. 
Sulfate of copper can be dissolved in water and held in solution until 
needed. One gallon of water will hold in solution two pounds of copper 
sulfate. To accomplish this the sulfate should be suspended at the sur¬ 
face of the water in a bag. The water most loaded with copper will 
sink to the bottom, and the water least loaded will rise to the surface. 
If fifty pounds of sulfate are suspended in twenty-five gallons of water 
on an evening, each gallon of water, will when stirred the next morning, 
hold two pounds of sulfate. This will form a stock solution of copper 
sulfate. 
If three gallons of this solution are put in the spray barrel, it is equiva¬ 
lent to six pounds of copper. Now fill the spray barrel half full of water 
before adding any lime. This is important for if the lime is added to so 
strong a solution of sulfate of copper, a curdling process will follow. Stir 
the water in the lime barrel so as to make a dilute milk of lime, but never 
allow it to be dense enough to be of a creamy thickness. If of the latter 
condition, lumps of lime will clog the spray nozzle. Continue to add to 
the mixture this milk of lime so long as drops of ferrocyanide of potas¬ 
sium (yellow prussiate of potash) applied to the Bordeaux mixture con¬ 
tinue to change from yellow to a brown color. When no change e f 
color is shown, add another pail of milk of lime to make the necessary 
amount of lime a sure thing. A considerable excess of lime does no 
harm. The barrel can now be filled with water, and the Bordeaux 
mixture is ready for use. Add an arsenite for insects that chew. 
FOR SCALE INSECTS AND FUNGOUS DISEASES. 
Lime, Sulfur and Salt Wash. 
Lime. 15 pounds 
Sulfur.15 pounds 
Salt (This does not appear to be necessary though gen¬ 
erally recommended).15 pounds 
Water sufficient to bring the boiled product up to 50 gallons. 
Preparation: The lime and sulfur must be boiled or steamed. The 
latter method is liked best by those who have tested both. Proceed as 
follows: Provide yourself with eight barrels. Put in quarter the 
full amount of sulfur and fresh stone lime in four barrels with a propor¬ 
tionate amount of water. Turn the steam under a pressure of 80 to 100 
pounds (15 to 20 pounds pressure works well) into these four barrels. 
When the water has boiled for a few minutes in these barrels turn off 
the steam. It may then be turned on to four more barrels which have 
been prepared in the same manner as the first set. The full amount of 
lime and sulfur is then added to the first set of barrels slowly enough to 
prevent boiling over by the heat generated by the slaking lime. When 
the lime as all slaked, turn on the steam again for two or three hours 
or till the mixture is thoroughly cooked. It is quite possible, to feed 
each barrel during the boiling process with a small stream of water, 
which will gradually fill the barrel without preventing the boiling. The 
mixture becomes quite thin during the boiling process, and when finished 
is of a deep orange color. 
The mixture may also be made by boiling in iron kettles. Heat the 
water before adding the lime and sulfur. All the sulfur should be 
thoroughly reduced. Pour into the sprayer through a strainer, and 
apply to the trees while warm. This is to be used while trees are dor¬ 
mant. This mixture appears to have considerable value as a fungicide. 
It prevents leaf curl and is also valuable as a preventive of apple and 
pear scab. A lime-sulphur-caustic soda wash has been tested by 
experiment stations but its efficiency is not equal to the above. 
SPECIAL HOME SEEKERS EXCURSIONS 
VIA THE WABASH R. R, 
March 7th and 21st the Wabash will sell special home seekers tickets 
to many points in Texas, Louisiana, Kansas, Oklahoma and Indian 
Territory at very low rates for the round trip. For full particulars, 
time cards, etc. call on your Local Ticket Agent, or write 
James Gass, R. F. Kelley, 
N. Y. S. P. A. G. A. P. D. 
287 Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y.. 
RAILWAY FACILITIES TO WEST BADEN SPRINGS. 
Nurserymen will soon begin to study ways and means of at¬ 
tending the 30th annual convention of the American Associa¬ 
tion of Nurserymen, which occurs at West Baden Springs on 
the 14th of June next. The New l r ork Central lines and 
Monon Route will give a through car service from Rochester, 
N. Y., to West Baden Springs. The special train will leave 
Rochester on June 12th at 9:45 p. m., arriving at West Baden 
5:55 p. m., June 13th. The fare is 1 J for the round trip from 
Rochester. Price of berths from Rochester through to West 
Baden is $4.00. State rooms can be secured for $14.00. The 
train will go by way of Green Castle, Ind., where it will arrive 
at 12:44 p. m., on the 13th, leaving at 2:28 p. m. It is verv 
gratifying to know that such excellent provisions for the com¬ 
fort and convenience of those who attend the convention are 
available. This should assure a large attendance from points 
in Central and Western New York. 
NEW INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES. 
Every year sees a considerable addition to the list of insect and plant 
disease nostrums and remedies. The New Jersey Experiment Station 
has made a special examination of these newer mixtures, and presents 
substantially the following report in regard to their efficacy: 
Salimene; a powder scale killer, tried on scale infected fruit trees 
without perceptible result. 
Horticultural compound; for sucking insects, did not prove effective 
against half grown or breeding forms. 
Pyrol tree and plant spray; for scale and sucking insects. This 
proved absolutely ineffective against scale larvte. 
Rose leaf extract; scale remedy. No value for scale; effective 
against plant lice and leaf hoppers. Use one pound in five gallons of 
water. 
Crude petroleum for scale and sucking insects. Recommended by 
Prof. Smith as a dormant spray in undiluted form for pear trees 
affected by a scale. For other fruit trees 25% mechanical mixtures 
are recommended. 
Kill-O-Scale; a patented mixture of kerosene, resin, and oil for scale 
insects. Smith found it effective at the rate of one part to twenty 
parts of water. He pronounces it the best of the scale killers now on 
the market, but the price of SI.25 per gallon makes its use prohibitive. 
Caustic soda; 1J pounds in two gallons of water proved ineffective 
for scale insects. 
Lime, sulphur, and caustic soda combined did not give Mr. Smith 
satisfactory results on apple trees. Better results were secured on 
plum and peach. 
Potassium sulfide, at the rate of one pound in five gallons of water 
is said to be quite effective against San Jose scale. It cannot be used 
during the growing period. As a dormant wash it has considerable 
value. 
Take it all round, the lime, sulphur and salt prepared by boiling, (for¬ 
mula opposite) appears to be the most reliable remedy against San 
Jose scale. It is quite probable that more than one application will be 
required,particularly during spring seasons of heavy rainfall. In the case 
of infestations discovered during spring or summer, dilute whale-oil soap 
can be used, but this should not be applied in full strength, using one 
pound to two gallons, except during the absolutely dormant period. 
The Washington’s birthday issue of The Youth’s Companion is a 
patriotic number. President Henry S. Pritchett of the Massachusetts 
Institute of Technology contributes a short paper on Washington and 
Lincoln; Emile Ollivier, French statesman, compares and contrasts the 
offices of President of the United States and President of the French; 
and Esther Harlan has a good story of the George Junior Republic. 
There is besides a humorous tale of the back woods, by C. G. D. Roberts, 
“From Buck to Bear and Back,” and the first installment of a serial story 
of great promise, “The Second Violin,” by Grace S. Richmond. 
Robt. C. Uecke. Thanks for court plaster; you know what we 
nursery men are apt to need during the packing season. I cannot get 
along without National Nurseryman. Enclosed find $1.00 for paper 
the ensuing year. 
